胞外和胞内菌胞外囊泡的功能及应用

Function and Application of Extracellular Vesicles of Extracellular Bacteria and Intracellular Bacteria

细胞外囊泡(Extracellular Vesicles,EVs)是从细胞膜上脱落或者分泌的双层膜结构的囊泡状小体。真核生物、细菌、古细菌和支原体等具有细胞结构的生物均能够释放EVs。细菌分泌的EVs含有DNA、RNA及蛋白质等多种成分,其在细菌毒力保持、免疫逃逸、细菌间物质运输、宿主细胞免疫调节、宿主转录基因调节、耐药性等方面发挥巨大作用。细菌可以分为胞内菌(Intracellular bacteria)和胞外菌(Extracellular bacteria),二者EVs在释放机制、生理学功能和临床应用等方面存在着区别与联系。就胞内菌和胞外菌的囊泡分泌机制、功能及应用作一阐述。

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)refer to vesicle-like bodies with double-layered membrane structure shed or secreted from the cell membrane.Eukaryotes,bacteria,archaea,mycoplasma and other organisms with cell structure can secrete EVs.EVs secreted by bacteria contain DNA,RNA,protein,and other multiple components which play great important role in maintaining bacterial virulence,immune escape,inter-bacterial material transport,host cell immune regulation,host transcriptional gene regulation,drug resistance,etc.Bacteria can be divided into intracellular bacteria and extracellular bacteria.There are differences and connections between the two EVs in terms of release mechanism,physiological function,clinical application,and other aspects.This paper expatiated the mechanism,function,and application of vesicle secretion of intracellular and extracellular bacteria.