围垦养殖对中国典型滨海湿地土壤真菌多样性及群落结构影响

Effects of reclamation aquaculture on soil fungi diversity and community structure of typical coastal wetlands in China

本研究以我国黄河口碱蓬湿地、九龙江口桐花树湿地、东寨港木榄湿地为研究样地,借助高通量测序技术探究这3个典型滨海湿地围垦养殖前、后土壤真菌多样性及群落结构的变化.结果表明:(1)不同地域湿地围垦养殖对土壤真菌群落多样性及丰富度影响表现不一致.九龙江口桐花树湿地围垦后,土壤真菌多样性及丰富度有所下降;黄河口碱蓬湿地和东寨港木榄湿地围垦后土壤真菌多样性及丰富度显著增加;(2)子囊菌门(Ascomycota)在湿地围垦养殖前、后土壤中均为优势真菌门,但其相对丰度在围垦后显著下降;(3)湿地围垦养殖改变了土壤真菌属水平群落组成,黄河口湿地围垦后,未出现翅孢壳属(Emericellopsis)、毛霉属(Mucor)、枝顶孢属(Acremonium);九龙江口和东寨港湿地围垦后,青霉属(Penicillium)相对丰度显著下降,并新增了镰刀菌属(Fusarium),九龙江口湿地围垦后还新增了链格孢属(Alternaria);(4)环境因子与湿地土壤真菌相对丰度存在一定程度的相关性,青霉属(Penicillium)与容重呈显著负相关(p<0.05),与pH呈显著负相关(p<0.01),与有机碳呈显著正相关(p<0.01);翅孢壳属(Emericellopsis)与容重和pH呈显著正相关(p<0.05),与有机碳呈显著负相关(p<0.01).

In this study,Suaeda salsa wetland in the Yellow River Estuary,Aegiceras coniculatum wetland in Jiulong River Estuary,and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza wetland in Dongzhai Port were used as the research sample sites.High-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore the changes in soil fungal diversity and community structure before and after three typical coastal wetlands being reclaimed into aquaculture ponds.The results showed that:(1)The impact of wetland reclamation into aquaculture ponds in different regions on the diversity and richness of soil fungal communities was inconsistent.The diversity and richness of soil fungi declined after the reclaiming of Aegiceras coniculatum wetland in Jiulong River Estuary,meanwhile,the diversity and richness of soil fungi increased significantly after the reclamation of Suaeda salsa wetland in the Yellow River Estuary and Bruguiera gymnorrhiza wetland in Dongzhai Port.(2)Ascomycota were the dominant fungi in the soil of the wetlands,but its relative abundance decreased significantly after reclamation.(3)The reclamation of wetlands into aquaculture ponds changed the composition of the genus horizontal community of soil fungi.After the Yellow River Estuary wetlands were reclaimed,Emericellopsis,Mucor,and Acremonium did not appear.After the Jiulong River Estuary and Dongzhai Port wetlands were reclaimed,the relative abundance of Penicillium decreased significantly,and Fusarium were added,the reclamation of the Jiulong River Estuary wetlands also resulted in the emergence of Alternaria.(4)Environmental factors had a certain degree of correlation with the relative abundance of wetland soil fungi.Penicillium had significantly negative correlation with bulk density(p<0.05)and pH(p<0.01),and positive correlation with organic carbon(p<0.01);Emericellopsis were positively correlated with bulk density and pH(p<0.05),and negatively correlated with organic carbon(p<0.01).