微生物修复被化学除草剂乙草胺污染的环境研究进展

Progress in microbial remediation of soil contaminated by chemical herbicide acetochlor

在农业领域中,乙草胺是一种选择性芽前除草剂,被广泛用于防治一年生禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草。然而,在真实环境应用中,乙草胺的实际利用率不足20%,大量残存的乙草胺进入土壤、水体等生态系统,对生态环境甚至人类健康造成严重威胁。近年来,微生物因其种类丰富、分布广泛、适应性强、代谢途径多样等诸多优点,被认为是修复乙草胺等化学农药面源污染环境最有效的一种方法。鉴于此,本文总结了乙草胺的微生物分解代谢研究的最新进展,包括乙草胺高效降解微生物资源、降解代谢途径、降解关键酶等,进一步介绍了乙草胺污染环境中微生物修复技术的实际应用,并对乙草胺等化学农药微生物修复技术的未来研究方向进行了展望。

Acetochlor,a selective pre-emergence herbicide,has been widely applied to control annual grass weeds and broad-leaved weeds.However,the actual utilization rate of acetochlor is less than 20%,and a large number of the acetochlor residues remain in the soil,water and other elements of the ecosystem,seriously threatening the ecological environment and even human health.In recent years,microorganisms have been considered as the most effective source for remediating environmental non-point source pollution caused by chemical pesticides such as acetochlor,mostly due to their significant advantages,including rich species,wide distribution,strong adaptability,and diverse metabolic pathways.Therefore,this review summarizes the latest progress in the microbial catabolism study of acetochlor,consist of efficient microbial resource degraded acetochlor,the biodegradation pathways and the key enzymes.Also,this review further introduces the practical application of the bioremediation techniques for treatments of acetochlor polluted environment and prospected the future research direction of the bioremediation technology enhancing cleanup of environmental pollutants like acetochlor and other chemical pesticides.