微胶囊化植物根际促生菌剂的研究进展

Research progress of microencapsulated plant growth promoting rhizobacteria

植物根际促生菌(PGPR)剂具有促进植物生长、抵抗病害和环境胁迫、改善土壤微生态及提高土壤肥力等功效,是非常有应用前景的农用绿色生物制剂。近年来,为了解决微生物菌剂应用过程中存在的菌体稳定性低、活菌数不高、持效性差等问题,采用微胶囊化技术将菌体包埋或封装到微胶囊中,实现对功能菌株的保护,提高了菌体的存活性、稳定性和缓释性。本文综述了根际促生菌微胶囊化制备的主要方法,如挤压法、乳化法、喷雾干燥法;阐述了海藻酸盐、黏土矿物、淀粉和壳聚糖等微胶囊壁材的特性;介绍了微胶囊菌剂释放特性的影响因素和PGPR微胶囊菌剂应用研究现状,并且对PGPR微胶囊的未来发展前景提出了展望。

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria(PGPR)are promising green biological agents for agriculture to promote plant growth,resist disease and environmental stress,improve soil microecology and soil fertility.In recent years,in order to solve the problems of low stability,low viable bacteria number and poor retention efficiency in the application of microbial agents,microencapsulation technology is used to encapsulate the bacteria into microcapsules to realize the protection of functional strains and improve the viability,stability and sustained-release of the bacteria.The main preparation methods of microencapsulation of PGPR,such as extrusion,emulsification and spray drying,are reviewed in this paper.And the characteristics of microcapsule wall materials such as alginate,clay minerals,starch and chitosan are described.At the same time,the influencing factors of the release characteristics of microcapsules and the research status of the application of PGPR microcapsules are introduced,and the prospect of the future development of PGPR microcapsules was put forward.