新疆伊犁地区哈萨克族中老年人健康素养调查分析

Investigation and analysis on the health literacy of middle-aged and elderly Kazakhs in Yili,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region

目的研究新疆伊犁地区哈萨克族中老年人健康素养现状及影响因素,为后期制订相关干预措施提供科学依据。方法2019年4月至11月采用分层整群抽样法,选取新疆伊犁地区45~75岁的哈萨克族中老年人作为研究对象,通过居民健康素养问卷进行调查。结果本研究对象共1923名,健康素养得分(43.56±16.85)分,健康素养具备率为4.84%。不同文化程度、职业、平均月收入、户籍、患慢性病情况、自评健康状况的中老年人健康素养得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,平均月收入、文化程度、户籍类型、患慢性病情况、自评健康状况是新疆伊犁地区哈萨克族中老年人健康素养的影响因素(P<0.05)。中介效应分析结果显示,健康知识与理念可以通过健康技能间接影响健康生活方式与行为(P<0.001),健康技能起部分中介作用(95%CI:0.0930~0.1306)。结论新疆伊犁地区哈萨克族中老年人健康素养水平相对较低,政府及相关卫生部门应针对中老年健康现状加强健康教育宣传力度,进一步改善该地区中老年人群健康素养状况。

Objective To study the current health literacy status and influencing factors of Kazakh middle-aged and elderly people in Yili,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,and to provide scientific basis for the later formulation of relevant intervention measures.Methods From April to November 2019,the stratified cluster sampling method was used to select middle-aged and elderly Kazakhs aged 45 to 75 in Yili of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region as the research subjects,and the survey was conducted through the residents’health literacy questionnaire.Results There were 1923 subjects in this study,with a health literacy score(43.56±16.85)points,and the health literacy possession rate was 4.84%.The differences in health literacy scores of middle-aged and elderly people with different education levels,occupations,average monthly income,household registration,chronic disease status,and self-rated health status were statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of multiple linear stepwise regression analysis showed that average monthly income,education level,household registration type,chronic disease status,and self-rated health status were the influencing factors of the health literacy of the Kazakh middle-aged and elderly people in Yili,Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(P<0.05).The mediating effect analysis showed that health knowledge and ideas could indirectly affect healthy lifestyles and behaviors through health skills(P<0.01),and health skills played a part of the mediating role(95%CI:0.0930-0.1306).Conclusion The health literacy level of Kazakh middle-aged and elderly people in Yili of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region is relatively low.The government and relevant health departments should strengthen health education and publicity in response to the current health status of middle-aged and elderly people,and further improve the health literacy status of middle-aged and elderly people in the region.