兆瓦级水平轴风力机叶片铺层设计参数影响分析

Analysis on the Influence of Layup Design Parameters of Megawatt Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine Blades

为研究主梁材料及铺层角度对风力机叶片结构特性影响,基于三维建模软件NX二次开发建立风力机叶片几何模型,结合铺层设计并通过CFD方法获取叶片表面压力分布,采用有限元方法对叶片进行结构模态、强度及屈曲分析。结果表明:碳纤维主梁叶片质量较玻璃钢减轻约8.08%,主梁材料对模态振型影响较小,主梁铺层角度对挥舞方向运动影响更大;0°铺层主梁叶片共振破坏风险低且应力应变峰值均最小,碳纤维主梁叶片较玻璃钢应力及应变峰值降幅最大约20.57%、26.51%;主梁0°铺层时叶片屈曲因子最大,而60°铺层时最小,碳纤维主梁叶片较玻璃钢临界屈曲载荷增幅最大约17.84%,有效降低屈曲失稳风险;额定工况下,叶片局部屈曲域在近叶尖处尾缘区和近叶根处最大弦长截面前缘区。

In order to study the influence of spar cap’s material and ply orientation angle on the structure characteristics of wind turbine blades,the model of wind turbine blades is established based on the secondary development of three-dimensional modeling software NX,combined with layup design and obtained the surface pressure distribution of the blades by CFD method.The finite element method is used to analyze the structural modal,strength and buckling of the blades.The results show that the weight of the blade with CFRP in spar cap is reduced by about 8.08%compared with GFRP in spar cap.The spar cap′s material has less effect on the modal vibration mode.The ply orientation angle of the spar cap has a greater impact on the flapping direction of the blade.The 0°laminating of spar cap can reduce the risk of blade resonance damage and has the smallest maximum stress and strain.The maximum stress and strain of the blade with CFRP in spar cap are reduced by about 20.57%and 26.51%,lower than those of GFRP.The blade buckling factor is the largest when the spar cap is laid at 0°,and the smallest when the spar cap is laid at 60°.Compared with GFRP in spar cap,the blade with CFRP in spar cap can increase the critical buckling load by up to 17.84%,and effectively reduce the risk of buckling failure.Under rated conditions,the local buckling region of the blade is located at the trailing edge near the blade tip and the leading edge of the maximum chord section near the blade root.