航空重油活塞发动机发展趋势及关键技术分析

Analysis on development trend and key technology of aircraft heavy fuel piston engine

在充分调研和分析国内外航空重油活塞发动机发展现状的基础上,通过对比几种已定型发动机和在研发动机的性能参数,分析国内外的研究热点,正视国内外研制水平的差距并剖析原因。在调研现有的航空重油活塞发动机研发技术路线基础上,提出了适合我国国情的自主研发技术路线:以高功质比、低耗油率为发展目标,探索了未来航空重油活塞发动机应使用的二冲程做功、压燃着火等技术方案。基于国内外航空活塞动力的瓶颈技术问题,分析并提炼了航空重油活塞发动机在产品化过程中涉及到的结构轻量化、高可靠性等总体设计,以及多级废气涡轮增压、燃油喷射雾化等部件级优化的关键技术,为航空重油活塞发动机的产品化提供技术保障。

On the basic of fully investigation and analysis of development status of aircraft heavy fuel piston engine at home and abroad, performance parameters of several finalized and under development engines were compared to indicate the different research focus, which reflect the disparity in development level between domestic and foreign. Based on the investigation of the technology route adapted in the research and development of aircraft heavy fuel engine, the independent technology route which was suitable for China’s national conditions was put forward: higher power-to-weight ratio and lower fuel consumption rate. And the feasible technical scheme of aircraft heavy fuel piston engine in the future, such as two-stroke and compression ignition, was explored. In order to provide technical support for the production process of engine, several key technologies of aircraft heavy fuel piston engine were refined, including the overall design technology of a variety of high-performance engines, such as lightweight and high reliability structural design, as well as the key technologies of multi-stage turbocharging, fuel injection atomization and other component-level performance optimization technologies in view of the bottleneck technologies of aircraft piston power at home and abroad.