不同粒径纳米氧化锌胁迫下凤眼莲和菖蒲的生长生理特性

Growth and Physiological Characteristics of Eichhornia crassipes and Acorus calamus under Different Particle Sizes of Nano Zinc Oxide Stress

为了了解不同粒径纳米氧化锌胁迫下凤眼莲(Eichhornia crassipes)和菖蒲(Acorus calamus)的生长生理特性,在塑料桶中,进行了凤眼莲的水培实验,在垂直潜流人工湿地中,进行了菖蒲栽种实验;在塑料桶和人工湿地中,分别注入由3种不同粒径(15 nm、50 nm和90 nm)纳米氧化锌配制的悬浊液,测定纳米氧化锌胁迫下凤眼莲的茎叶、根和菖蒲的叶、茎、根的含水率,及其叶片叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶)活性和丙二醛含量,初步探讨了纳米氧化锌的粒径对凤眼莲和菖蒲生长生理特性的作用。研究结果表明,在不同粒径纳米氧化锌胁迫下,凤眼莲的茎叶、根和菖蒲的叶、茎、根的含水率变化较小;两种植物叶片的叶绿素含量显著减小,且纳米氧化锌粒径越小,其减小幅度越大;纳米氧化锌粒径越小,两种植物叶片的超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性的增强幅度越大;在注入纳米氧化锌悬浊液培养初期,两种植物叶片的丙二醛含量都增大,且加入的纳米氧化锌的粒径越小,丙二醛含量的增幅越大;随着培养时间的延长,凤眼莲叶片的丙二醛含量持续增大,而菖蒲叶片的丙二醛含量减小,菖蒲对纳米氧化锌的耐受能力更强。

In order to investigate the growth and physiological characteristics of Eichhornia crassipes and Acorus calamus under stress by different particle sizes of nano zinc oxide, hydroponic experiment of Eichhornia crassipes was conducted in plastic buckets and cultivation experiment of Acorus calamus was conducted in vertical subsurface flow constructed wetlands. Turbid liquid compound with three different particle sizes of nano zinc oxide(15 nm, 50 nm and 90 nm) was empty into the plastic buckets and constructed wetlands. The water contents in root and leaves of Eichhornia crassipes, root, stem and leaves of Acorus calamus and the contents of chlorophyll, antioxidant enzymes and malondialdehyde in leaves of Eichhornia crassipes and Acorus calamus were measured. The results showed that the water contents in the roots, stems and leaves of Eichhornia crassipes and Acorus calamus changed little, while the chlorophyll contents decreased significantly after exposure nano zinc oxide, and the smaller the particle size, the more obvious the decrease. The effects of nano zinc oxide on the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase in leaves of two plants were negatively correlated with their particle sizes. At the initial stage of culture, the malondialdehyde contents of both plants increased, and the smaller the particle size, the more obviously the malondialdehyde content increased. With the extension of culture time, the malondialdehyde content of leaves from Eichhornia crassipes continued to increase, while that from Acorus calamus showed a downward trend, indicating that Acorus calamus had stronger tolerance to nano zinc oxide.