疫情期间虚假信息犯罪的规制路径——以犯罪学与刑法教义学的贯通为视角

Regulation Path of False Information Crime during Epidemic Period--From the Perspective of the Connection between Criminology and Dogmatics of Criminal Law

犯罪学的研究,尤其是犯罪成因的研究为刑事政策提供了基础资料。借助"犯罪学—刑事政策—刑法教义学"的路径可以实现犯罪学与刑法教义学的学科贯通与良性互动。新冠肺炎疫情期间对虚假信息犯罪的规制为这种路径提供了绝佳的试验平台。从相关司法文件来看,针对疫情期间的虚假信息犯罪,基本形成了依法严格惩处、区分分流两大刑事政策。从犯罪成因的角度而言,失范理论、紧张理论、差别交往理论可以为传播虚假信息的犯罪行为提供注解;而亚文化理论与一般化紧张理论又可以较为清晰地解释虚假编造行为。针对犯罪成因的分析可以为刑事政策提供社会化与精准化的保障。同时,借助对《刑法》第291条之一中虚假信息、明知、严重扰乱社会秩序的教义学分析,可以实现犯罪学与刑法教义学的贯通。

The study of criminology, especially the cause of crime, provides basic information for criminal policy. With the help of the path of "criminology-criminal policy-criminal dogmatics", we can realize the interdisciplinary connection and positive interaction between criminology and criminal dogmatics. The novel coronavirus pneumonia regulation provides a good platform for the path of false information crime. From the relevant judicial documents, for the crime of false information during the epidemic period, we have basically formed two criminal policies, namely, strictly punishing according to law and distinguishing diversion. From the perspective of the causes of crime, anomie theory, tension theory and differential communication theory can provide annotation for the criminal act of spreading false information;The theory of subculture and the theory of generalized tension can explain the false fabrication more clearly. The analysis of the causes of crime can provide socialized and accurate guarantee for criminal policy. At the same time, with the help of doctrinal analysis of false information, knowing clearly and seriously disturbing social order in article 291-1 of the criminal law, we can realize the connection between criminology and criminal law doctrinal.