论趣味判断第一契机中的“生命感”——介入康德美学的新视角

On“Feeling of Life”of the First Moment of the Judgment of Taste--A New Perspective on Kant’s Aesthetics

在《判断力批判》第一章“美的分析”中,“生命感”是趣味判断的核心概念之一,它揭示出趣味判断的生命维度与情感维度,勾连起“愉快”“表象”与“游戏”等核心质素。首先,趣味判断的愉快是“人的生命”被促进的自由之感,它既不同于动物性的感官舒适,也不同于精神性的理性愉悦,而是两者之间的桥梁;其次,主体在趣味判断中将对象之表象想象为生命的有机形式,这种形式既是主体自我生命状态的投射,又是主体假定趣味判断具有主观普遍性的根据;最后,趣味判断让人在想象力与知性的自由游戏中体验到生命得以自我保持的愉快情感,这种情感折射出无目的的主观合目的性,让人在游戏一般跌宕起伏的生命状态中获得安稳的家园之感。

In the first chapter of Critique of the Power of Judgment(“Analytic of the Beautiful”),“feeling of life”is one of the core concepts of the judgment of taste,which reveals the dimension of life and feeling in judgment,as well as demonstrates its connection with other important concepts like“pleasure”“representation”and“play”.Firstly,the pleasure of the judgment of taste comes from a sense of freedom in which“human life”has been promoted.Such pleasure is different from the agreeable sensory satisfaction and the spiritual rational delight,it is a bridge between them.Secondly,subjects would think of the representation of the object as an organic form of life in the judgment of taste.Such representation serves as the projection of subject’s own life state.It is also the basis for subject to suppose that the judgment of taste is subjectively universal.Finally,the judgment of taste enables people to experience the pleasure of self-sustaining in the free play of imagination and understanding,which reflects the purposeless subjective purposiveness and presents people with a sense of home in the ups and downs of the game-like life.