“立”与“破”:晚明天主教在华形象研究

“Establishment”and“Persecution”:A Study of the Image of Catholicism in China in the Late Ming Dynasty

受中国“天朝上国”的传统观念以及“夷夏之辨”传统标准的影响,利玛窦等人初入晚明时,天主教及其宗教形象在明朝统治者看来并不突出,反而因其传教策略而将其认定为夷国使者。后经多年努力,利氏等人逐渐在华打开了传教工作局面,天主教在华形象渐次明晰,但由于后来者的“无知”、中西文明的冲突以及明朝党争,在华天主教牵扯其中,遭到迫害,苦难形象贯穿于晚明最后时刻。

Affected by the traditional concept of“Heavenly Kingdom”and the traditional standard of“Distinction between China and the Barbarians”,when Matteo Ricci and others first entered the late Ming Dynasty,Catholicism and its religious image were not seen by the rulers of the Ming Dynasty.It is not prominent,but because of his missionary strategy,it was identified as the messenger of the country.With the efforts of Li clan and others,the missionary work in China gradually opened up,and the image of Catholicism in China gradually became clear.However,Catholicism in China were involved and persecuted because of the“ignorance”of latecomers,the conflict between Chinese and Western civilizations,and the disputes within the Ming dynasty’s parties.The image of suffering runs through the last moments of the late Ming Dynasty.