深圳市坪山区200家企业职业卫生管理现状调查

Investigation on occupational health management of 200 enterprises in Pingshan District of Shenzhen City

目的了解深圳市坪山区接害企业的职业卫生管理现状,为指导企业提高职业卫生管理水平以及监管部门提高执法效益提供科学依据。方法从“作业场所职业病危害申报与备案管理系统”中按企业规模随机抽取200家企业,于2018年5—8月对其进行现场调查,从企业的职业卫生管理机构、职业卫生管理人员、职业卫生防护措施的设置情况、职业卫生管理制度的建立和实施情况分析其职业卫生管理现状。结果 60%的企业设置了职业卫生管理机构,大中型企业的设置情况显著高于小微型企业(P<0.05),92%的企业配备兼职职业卫生管理人员。70%以上的企业均建立各项职业卫生管理制度,但各项职业卫生管理制度的实施情况普遍随企业规模减小而降低(P<0.05),大中型企业制度的实施率普遍高于小微型企业(P<0.05),企业职业危害防护措施的使用率随企业规模减小而降低(P<0.05)。企业工作场所职业病危害因素定期检测工作的检测率为79.5%,接触各类职业病危害因素的在岗人群健康检查率普遍低于35%。结论深圳市坪山区企业职业卫生管理状况不容乐观。建议深入开展职业卫生宣传培训,提高企业管理层及职业卫生管理人员对职业病危害的认识,同时充分发挥职业卫生技术服务机构的专业力量,协助企业完善职业卫生管理制度的建立和落实,监管部门应深入开展执法检查,重点关注小微型企业。

Objective To understand the current situation of occupational health management of enterprises in Pingshan District of Shenzhen City,provide scientific basis for guiding enterprises to improve the level of occupational health management and for supervision departments to improve the efficiency of law enforcement. Methods Totally 200 enterprises were randomly selected from the "occupational-disease-inductive declaration and record management system" according to the scale of enterprises. The field investigated was performed from May to August in 2018,and the current situation of occupational health management in enterprises was analyzed from the aspects of the occupational health management organization,occupational health management personnel,and occupational health protection measures of the enterprises,as well as establishment and implementation of occupational health management system. Results 60% of enterprises have set up occupational health management organizations,and the status in large and medium-sized enterprises was significantly better than that in small and micro-enterprises(P<0.05).92% of enterprises had the part-time occupational health management personnel. More than 70% of enterprises have established various occupational health management systems,however,the implementation of various occupational health management systems generally became worse with the reduction of enterprise size(P<0.05),the implementation of large and medium-sized enterprises was generally better than that of small and micro enterprises(P<0.05),and the utilization rate of occupational hazard protection measures in enterprises decreased with the decrease of enterprise size(P<0.05). The regular detection rate of occupational hazard factors in the workplace of enterprises was 79.5%,and the physical examination rate of workers exposed to various occupational hazard factors was generally lower than 35%. Conclusion The occupational health management of enterprises in Pingshan District of Shenzhen City is not optimistic. It is recommended that occupational health publicity and training be carried out in depth to raise the awareness of occupational hazards among enterprise management and occupational health management personnel,professional strength of occupational health technical service institutions should be brought into full play to assist enterprises in improving the establishment and implementation of occupational health management system,and regulatory departments should carry out in-depth inspection of law enforcement,focusing on small and micro enterprises.