2019年湖北省25493名矽尘作业工人职业健康检查结果分析

Analysis on occupational health examination results of 25 493 workers exposed to silica dust in Hubei Province in 2019

目的了解矽尘作业工人的健康状况,为制定湖北省矽肺病防治策略提供科学依据。方法收集2019年湖北省重点职业病监测项目中职业健康检查机构上报的《职业健康检查个案卡》资料,分析湖北省矽尘作业工人尘肺样改变分布情况。结果 25 493名矽尘作业工人中尘肺样改变199例,占0.78%;尘肺样改变检出率微型企业高于大、中和小型企业,集体经济企业高于国有经济、私有经济、港澳台经济、外商经济和中外合资经济企业,批发和零售业高于采矿业、制造业和建筑业等行业,男性明显高于女性,50<60岁年龄段矽尘作业工人尘肺样改变检出率最高,且<60岁随着矽尘作业工人年龄的增长尘肺样改变检出率存在递增趋势,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论湖北省矽尘作业工人的健康状况不容乐观,矽尘作业危害依然严峻,防治工作要侧重特征区域,切实保障接尘工人的健康权益。

Objective To understand the health status of workers exposed to silica dust,provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control strategies of silicosis in Hubei Province. Methods The data of occupational health examination case cards reported by occupational health examination institutions in the key occupational disease surveillance projects in Hubei Province in2019 were collected to analyze the distribution of pneumoconiosis in workers exposed to silica dust in Hubei Province. Results Among25 493 workers exposed to silica dust,199 cases(0.78%) had pneumoconiosis like changes. The detection rate of pneumoconiosis like changes in micro enterprises was higher than that in large,medium and small enterprises,the detection rate in collective economy enterprises was higher than that in enterprises of state-owned economy,private economy,Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan economy,foreign economy,and Sino foreign joint venture economy,and the detection rate in wholesale and retail industries was higher than that in mining industry,manufacturing industry and construction industry. The detection rate in men was significantly higher than that in women. The detection rate of pneumoconiosis like changes in workers aged 50-<60 was the highest,the detection rate of pneumoconiosis like changes increased with the age in workers aged <60 years old,and the difference was statistically significant( all P < 0. 05). Conclusion The health status of workers exposed to silica dust in Hubei Province is not optimistic,and the hazards of silica dust exposure are still serious. Prevention and control work should focus on characteristic areas to ensure the health rights and interests of workers exposed to silica dust.