大同市煤矿社区老年人执行功能状况及相关因素分析

Analysis of executive function and related factors among elderly people in coal mine community of Datong City

目的研究煤矿社区老年人的执行功能状况及与认知功能的相关性,并分析执行功能的相关危险因素。方法2019年7—8月抽样调查大同市煤矿社区180名老年人,应用简易精神状态检查量表(Mini-Mental State Examination,MMSE)和蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal Cognitive Assessment,MoCA)分别对老年人执行功能和认知功能进行量化评分,并对数据进行分析。结果MMSE和MoCA执行功能得分与对应的认知功能得分呈显著正相关(r=0.50、0.74,均P<0.01),且认知功能异常组MMSE和MoCA执行功能得分(2.25±0.83、1.63±1.10)显著低于认知功能正常组(2.77±0.60、2.63±0.99)(均P<0.01)。女性组MMSE和MoCA执行功能得分(2.50±0.77、1.85±1.15)显著低于男性组(2.76±0.61、2.31±1.14)(均P<0.05),MoCA执行功能得分在高年龄组(1.66±1.10)、低教育年限组(1.49±0.98)、素食组(1.63±1.10)、无社会活动组(1.73±1.22)均显著低于低及中年龄组(2.25±1.20、2.09±1.12)、中及高教育年限组(2.03±1.21、2.67±1.00)、均衡饮食及肉食组(2.17±1.17、2.22±1.11)、有社会活动组(2.12±1.12)(均P<0.05)。受教育年限是MMSE和MoCA执行功能最重要的影响因素(β=0.22、0.32,均P<0.01)。结论大同市煤矿社区老年人执行功能可以较好反映认知功能,女性、高龄、低教育、素食、无社会活动是执行功能降低的危险因素,其中受教育年限对执行功能的影响最大,应针对危险因素制定干预措施,预防和延缓当地老年人执行功能的减退。

Objective To investigate the executive function of elderly people in coal mine community and the correlation with the cognitive function,analyze the related risk factors of executive function. Methods A sample survey of 180 elderly people in coal mine community of Datong City was conducted from July to August 2019. The executive function and cognitive function of the elderly people were evaluated using Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA),and the data were analyzed. Results The scores of executive function for MMSE and MoCA were significantly positively correlated with the corresponding scores of cognitive function(r=0.50,0.74,both P<0.01),and the MMSE and MoCA scores of executive function in the abnormal cognitive function group(2.25±0.83,1.63±1.10) were significantly lower than those in the normal cognitive function g roup( 2. 77 ± 0. 60, 2. 63 ± 0. 99)(both P<0.01). The MMSE and MoCA scores of executive function in female group(2.50±0.77,1.85±1.15) were significantly lower than those in male group(2.76±0.61,2.31±1.14)(both P<0.05). The score of executive function for MoCA in high age group(1.66±1.10),low education years group(1.49±0.98),vegetarian group(1.63±1.10) and non-social activity group(1.73±0.12) were significantly lower than those in low and middle age group(2.25±1.20,2.09±1.12),middle and high education years group(2.03±1.21,2.67±1.00),balanced diet and meat group(2.17±1.17,2.22±1.11)and social activity group(2.12±1.12)(all P <0.05). The education years was the most important factor for MMSE and MoCA executive function (β =0.22,0.32,both P <0.01). Conclusion The executive function of elderly people in coal mine community of Datong City can reflect the cognitive function well. Female,old age,low level of education,vegetarian diet and non-social activity are the risk factors of the executive function decline,and the education years has the greatest influence on the executive function. The intervention measures should be made according to the risk factors to prevent and alleviate the decline of executive function of the elderly in this area.