差序格局、圈子现象与社群社会资本

The Differential Mode of Association,Phenomenon of Circle and Community Social Capital

中国社会结构中的"差序格局"是社会资本本土化研究的社会基础,社群中的"圈子现象"则是社会资本本土化研究的组织基础。中国社会的人际关系在个体层面呈现出以"己"为中心的差序格局,在社群层面则呈现出以精英(能人)为中心的圈子特征。基于此,本研究尝试提出一套符合中国社会情境的社群社会资本的概念和测量方法。基于典型案例的比较,研究采用社会网络分析技术,从信任、结构和资源三个维度,构建出四种社群社会资本的理想类型,发展出三个指标来度量社群社会资本。研究发现,社群精英能否相互信任形成稳定的圈子,社群精英是否在社会网络中处于中心位置,社群精英能否跨越社群内部各个小圈子,这三项指标能够反映中国社会文化背景下社群社会资本的意涵。

The Chinese social structure of"the differential mode of association"is the social basis of social capital localization research,whereas the"phenomenon of circle"in the community is the organizational basis of the localization study of social capital. The interpersonal relationship in Chinese society presents a differential order pattern centered on the "self"at the individual level,and a circle characteristic centered on elite( able person) at the community level. This study puts forward a set of concepts and measurement methods of community social capital in accordance with the Chinese social context. Based on the comparative study of typical cases and using social network analysis technology,this study constructs four ideal types of community social capital from three dimensions: trust,structure,and resources,and develops three indicators to measure community social capital. It is found that a stable circle of mutual trust among community elites,the central position of community elites in social networks,and the possibility that communtiy elites cross the innercircles of the community,these three indicators can reflect the meaning of social capital in the context of Chinese social and cultural contexts.