从“无何有之乡”到“桃花源”——“游”的精神与“桃花源”审美空间的生成

From a Land of Nothing to the Peach Blossom Spring:Spirit of"Tour"and Generation of Aesthetic Space of the Peach Blossom Spring

庄子之“游”,将原本客观的地理空间转化为精神空间,进而成为审美空间。中国文人的理想生存空间受到庄子空间观的影响,具有独特的时空超越性。魏晋文人在庄子“无何有之乡”的基础上对理想生存空间进行建构,不单看到庄子“逍遥游”中大鹏的绝世之游,也看到斥鴳在树枝腾跃之间的从容自若。陶渊明最终创造出了“桃花源”这个理想。“桃花源”之境,它既是现实的,又是虚幻的;既是超越的,又是平常的。“桃花源”是“游”的精神之感性显现,是自治自生、自得自乐的理想审美空间。

Zhuangzi's"tour"transforms the original objective geographical space into spiritual space,and then aesthetic space.Influenced by Zhuangzi's space view,the ideal living space of Chinese literati has unique transcendence of time and space.On the basis of Zhuangzi's"a Land of Nothing",the literati in Wei and Jin Dynasties constructed their own ideal living space.They not only saw the peerless journey of Mirs in Zhuangzi's"carefree tour",but also saw the leisurely and self-contained manner of Chiu in the branches.Tao Yuanming finally created the ideal of the Peach Blossom Spring,which is both realistic and illusory,transcendent and ordinary.The Peach Blossom Spring is the perceptual manifestation of the spirit of"tour",and it is an ideal aesthetic space of autonomy and self-satisfaction.