医学与政治的对话:基于“上医医国”的考察与研究

The Dialogue between Medicine and Politics:Study on the Origin,Intension and Value of the Idea of Shang Yi Yi Guo

“上医医国”在源头上是诸子文化与医学互动的产物,这一理念自先秦至当代,在不同的时代演绎出医学与政治互动的华丽画卷,凸显了医者对治国的道德责任。行医与从政在“仁”的价值层面、“防”的方法层面、“治本”的目标层面和“精诚”的明德层面上有高度的契合.道医以帝王之师的身份,借“无为”之旨畅谈治身与治国.儒医高举“不为良相,则为良医”的旗帜,医学人道主义与儒家仁政诉求交融,医学与政治互动达到新的历史高度。近代医家怀“以医强国”理想,在推动中医文化近代转型中造福社会、族群。当代医家在“战疫”中彰显“精医报国”之志.“上医医国”具有鲜活的历史价值和鲜明的当代价值。传统社会“上医医国”在促使医学政治化的同时,也促进了政治人文化,近现代社会医学治理是国家治理的重要范畴;后疫情时代,医学治理将跨越国界走向国际医学治理。

The idea of "Shang Yi Yi Guo"(meaning the most skilled doctor cures the country) is the product of the interaction between the philosophers’ culture and medicine. This idea has been inherited and developed clearly since the Qin Dynasty., which showed the moral responsibility of doctors. As a teacher of emperors, Taoist doctors talk about cultivating one’s moral character and managing state affairs through the purpose of inaction. Confucian doctors holds high "not as good prime minister,but as good doctor", medical humanitarianism and Confucian benevolence appeal blend, medical and political interaction reached a new historical height. Modern doctors have a distinct ideal of "strengthening the country by medicine", which benefits society and ethnic groups in promoting the transformation of traditional Chinese medicine culture in modern times. The internal logic of "medical country" is the intersection of value, method, goal and self-cultivation. While improving the personality pattern and professional identity of doctors, the idea of "Shang Yi Yi Guo" also provides profound historical and cultural resources for constructing harmonious doctor-patient relationship and social ethos of respecting doctors and protecting doctors.