北京市城区社区居住老年人贫血患病率及其影响因素分析

Analysis of the prevalence of anemia and its influencing factors in the urban communities-dwelling elderly population in Beijing

目的分析北京市城区社区居住老年人贫血患病率的影响因素.方法采取随机整群抽样方法选取北京市城区社区居住老年人,通过问卷调查、现场测试和血样本采集进行横断面研究;贫血判定标准采用WHO标准,问卷调查健康评价指标包括人口学资料、饮食习惯、社会经济信息、享受卫生服务的信息和健康体能状况等信息,血样本进行血常规和生化检测.结果共调查65岁及以上老年人1947名,其中男性789名(40.5%)、女性1158名(59.5%);1947名调查对象中,288名老年人贫血,贫血患病率为14.79%(288/1947),其中男性的患病率为16.35%(129/789)、女性的患病率为13.73%(159/1158),不同性别老年人贫血患病率的差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=2.760、P=0.097).采用Logistic回归对影响贫血的因素进行分析,结果显示,年龄越高(OR=1.055,P=0.000)、进食肉类食品频率越高(OR=1.353,P=0.046)、进食水果频率越低(OR=0.759,P=0.048)、同住者健康情况越差(OR=0.757,P=0.037)、BMI值越低(OR=0.905,P=0.001)和运动频率越低(OR=0.769,P=0.012)的老年人群的贫血发生的风险越高.结论北京市社区老年人的贫血发生率较高,根据我们的调查结果,老年人应在保证营养摄入的前提下减少食肉频率、增加水果的摄入量,且进行适当的运动可以降低老年人贫血的患病率.

Objective To analyze the prevalence of anemia and its influencing factors in the elderly population dwelling in urban communities in Beijing.Methods A random cluster sampling method was adopted to select the elderly people of communities in Beijing,and cross-sectional research was conducted through questionnaire surveys,field tests and blood sample collection.The criteria for diagnosing anemia were from WHO standards,and the health evaluation indicators in the questionnaire survey included demographic data and eating habits,socio-economic information,information on enjoying health services,health and physical fitness and other information.Blood samples were drawn for routine blood tests and biochemical tests.Results A total of 1947 elderly people aged 65 years and above were investigated,including 789 males(40.5%)and 1158 females(59.5%).Among the 1947 survey subjects,288 elderly people had anemia,with the prevalence of anemia of 14.79%(288/1947).The prevalence of anemia was 16.35%(129/789)in males and 13.73%(159/1158)in females.There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of anemia between male and female(χ^(2)=2.760,P=0.097).Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the factors affecting anemia.The results showed that the higher age(OR=1.055,P=0.000),the higher frequency of meat-eating(OR=1.353,P=0.046),the lower frequency of fruit-eating(OR=0.759,P=0.048),the worse health status of cohabitants(OK=0.757,P=0.037),the lower BMI(OR=0.905,P=0.001)and the lower exercise frequency(OK=0.769,P=0.012)were correlated to the higher anemia risk in the elderly population dwelling in urban communities in Beijing.Conclusions The prevalence of anemia is relatively high in the elderly in Beijing communities.According to our findings,older people should reduce the frequency of eating meat,while ensuring nutritional intake,increase the intake of fruits and take appropriate exercises to reduce the prevalence of anemia.