烟台地区苹果园化肥投入现状与投入产出调查

Investigation and study on chemical fertilizer input and planting cost-benefit of apple orchard in Yantai

对山东省烟台地区苹果园的施肥、投入产出等情况进行问卷调查。结果表明,烟台地区苹果种植劳动力多为中老年人,且文化水平偏低,只有29.11%的果农意识到化肥施用过量的问题。每666.7 m2化肥平均用量150.20 kg,超过全国和所在省份的用量水平。种植投入中,人工成本和肥料成本占比较高,分别占总成本的59.09%和23.97%。建议根据农村实际情况,利用社会网络,加强化肥减施增效技术宣传培训,减少劳动力和化肥农药投入,提高农业机械化水平,降低生产成本,提高收益。

In order to ensure the sustainable development of apple orchard,we need to implement the action of fertilizer reduction.A questionnaire survey was conducted on fertilization,input and output of apple orchards in Yantai,Shandong Province.The results showed that most of the farmers engaged in apple cultivation were middle-aged and old people,and their cultural level was low.Only 29.11%of the respondents were aware of the problem of excessive fertilizer application in the orchard.The average amount of fertilizer applied per 666.7 m 2 in the investigated areas was 150.20 kg,which was far more than the average level of the whole country and the province.According to the cost benefit of apple planting,the labor cost and fertilizer cost accounted for 59.09%and 23.97%of the total cost respectively.It is suggested that according to the actual situation in rural areas,social network should be used to strengthen the propaganda and training of fertilizer reduction and efficiency reduction technology,reduce labor,chemical fertilizer and pesticide input,raise the level of agricultural mechanization in order to reduce production cost and improve income.