基于形态-习性-生境-性味功效的寄生类中药相关性分析

Correlation Analysis of Parasitic Chinese Medicine Based on Morphology-habit-habitat-property and Efficacy

目的:对寄生类中药的植物学特征、生物学特性、生长环境和药性药效之间相关规律进行挖掘,为辨状论质理论加强论证,为寄生药用植物资源的开发和利用提供参考。方法:对部分常用寄生类中药的基源、性味归经、寄生类型以及其功效进行归纳总结。对寄生类中药在清肺排毒汤、药食同源目录,及《古代经典名方目录(第一批)》和2020年版《中华人民共和国药典》收录情况进行频次统计分析;使用Excel 2013,SPSS Statistics 23.0软件进行统计学研究。结果:对其寄生类中药的分析结果显示,在寄生类型中,根全寄生>茎寄生>根半寄生>共生=腐生;在性味中,平>温>凉>寒,无热性;含甘味>含苦味>含辛味>含酸味=含咸味,其中甘辛、甘苦、甘咸、苦咸各1种;在归经中,肾>肝>大肠>脾>肺>心=膀胱,无小肠经。结论:寄生类中药寄生类型以根全寄生居多,四气以平居多,五味以含甘味居多,归经以肾经居多,祛风湿、补肝肾、清热解毒是其主要功效。寄生类中药的形态、习性、生境均与其性味功效之间存在一定的相关性,为其深入研究、临床使用及资源开发提供全面的文献参考及理论依据。

Objective: To explore the correlation of the botanical characteristics, biological characteristics,habitat,and medicinal property and efficacy of parasitic Chinese medicines,underpin quality evaluation based on property differentiation,and provide references for the development and utilization of parasitic medicinal plant resources. Method:The origin,property and meridian tropism,parasitic type,and the efficacy of the common of parasitic Chinese medicines were summarized. The frequencies of parasitic Chinese medicines in Qingfei Paidu decoction,Medicine Food Homology,Catalogue of Ancient Classical Formulas(the first batch),and the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia were statistically analyzed. Excel 2013 and SPSS Statistics 23.0 were employed for statistical research. Result:The ranking results of parasitic Chinese medicines are listed below:root parasitism>stem parasitism>root hemiparasitism>symbiosis=saprophytism according to the parasitic type,plain>warm>cool>cold,no heat involved according to nature,sweet>bitter>pungent>sour=salt,with one sweet-pungent,one sweet-bitter,one sweet-salt,and one bitter-salt Chinese medicine according to flavor,kidney>liver>large intestine>spleen>lung>heart=bladder,no small intestine meridian involved according to meridian tropism. Conclusion:Parasitic Chinese medicines were mostly root-parasitic,plain in nature,sweet in flavor,and entered kidney meridian,with main effects of dispelling wind-dampness,nourishing liver and kidney,clearing heat,and removing toxin. The morphology,habit,and habitat of parasitic Chinese medicine were correlated with the property and efficacy. This study is expected to provide comprehensive references and a theoretical basis for in-depth research,clinical application,and resource development.