为哲学辩护:基于一种新视域阐释柏拉图的《理想国》

In Defense of Philosophy:An Interpretation of Plato's Republic from a New Perspective

在西学经典中,柏拉图的《理想国》(Republic)堪称是一部根本经典。不同于学界以往各种解读路向,著名哲学史家布鲁姆认为,柏拉图《理想国》的真正主题是为最有价值的哲学生活辩护。在《理想国》中,柏拉图以城邦与个人灵魂作为上述辩护的立足点,通过论述哲学对于建构美好城邦和提升个人灵魂的意义,为哲学生活作出了两个层面的辩护,与此同时,柏拉图也揭示出哲学生活的根本意义是对灵魂的提升,这也是《理想国》为哲学辩护的根本立足点。

Among the classics of western learning,Plato's Republic is regarded as a fundamental classic.Different from the popular interpretations of the past,Bloom,the famous philosophy historian,believed that the real theme of Plato's Republic was to defend the most valuable philosophical life.In the Republic,Plato took the city-state and the individual soul as the standpoint of the above defense.By discussing the significance of philosophy for the construction of a good city-state and the promotion of the individual soul,Plato defended philosophical life on two levels.At the same time,Plato also revealed that the fundamental meaning of philosophical life was the promotion of the soul,which was also the fundamental standpoint of philosophy defense in the Republic.