纳米颜料原液着色聚乳酸纤维的制备和性能研究

Preparation and Properties of Polylactic Acid Fiber Dyed with Nano Pigment

为解决聚乳酸纤维采用常规染色工艺存在上染率低、易损伤其物理性能问题,通过使用色母粒原液着色法和纳米颜料进行原液着色,改善聚乳酸纤维染色浅、染色后性能差的问题;对比分析了普通分散剂和超分散剂对纳米颜料用于原液着色纤维的着色效果和力学性能、耐热迁移性的影响。结果表明:采用原液着色工艺着色的聚乳酸纤维色彩鲜艳、强伸性能较好;添加普通分散剂分散的纳米颜料粒径为微米级,最小约为5μm,着色纤维强伸性能损失约为10%,略优于常规染色工艺,但纤维耐热迁移性差,不利于后续加工;添加超分散剂分散的粒径为纳米级,着色纤维强伸性能损失不大于1%,且纤维耐热迁移性好,能够在加工和后处理中保持颜色稳定。

To solve the problems of low dyeing rate and easy damage to physical properties of polylactic acid fiber by conventional dyeing process,the problems of light dyeing and poor dyeing performance of polylactic acid fiber are improved by using the dope dyeing method of masterbatch and nano pigment.The effects of common dispersant and super dispersant on the dyeing effect,mechanical properties and heat resistance migration of nano pigment used in dope dyeing fiber are compared and analyzed.The results show that the polylactic acid fiber dyed by dope dyeing has bright color and good strength and elongation.The dispersed particle size of nano pigment by common dispersant is micron size,and the minimum size is about 5μm,and the loss of strength and elongation of dyed fiber is about 10%,which is slightly better than that of conventional dyeing process.But the heat resistance migration of fiber is poor,which is not conducive to subsequent processing.The dispersed particle size of super dispersant is nanoscale,and the loss of strength and elongation of dyed fiber is not more than 1%,and the fiber has good heat resistance migration,which can maintain color stability in processing and post-treatment.