情境在现实问题解决中的作用--基于5套人教版初中数学教科书的纵向比较

The Role of Context in the Solving of Real-World Problems--A Historical Comparison of Five Editions of PEP Junior High School Mathematics Textbooks

数学教科书中情境在现实问题解决中的作用,影响着学生问题解决能力的发展机会,对于学生数学核心素养的发展十分重要.通过修订的数学教科书情境作用分析框架,以改革开放40年来不同时期的5套人教版初中数学教科书为分析对象,对其中的现实问题情境编码分析.研究结果显示:5套教科书整体表现出的高水平情境比例偏低,但高水平情境比例上升的发展势头良好.建议未来的教科书建设应注意如下3点:(1)方向性:问题解决能力提升应指向不良结构情境问题的适度增加;(2)科学性:问题情境设置需注重学科特点与学生认知的有效统整;(3)保障性:各水平情境比例调整需关联课堂情境教学的实施反馈.

The role of context in solving real-world problems in mathematics textbooks affects development opportunities for students’problem-solving ability,which is very important for the development of students’core mathematics literacy.Using the updated analysis framework of the role of context for mathematics textbooks,this paper takes five editions of junior higher school mathematics textbooks published by People’s Education Press in different periods during the 40 years of reform and opening up as the objects of analysis for codes of context.The results showed that the proportion of high-level contexts is relatively low but the proportion is rising over the 40 years.It is suggested that the following three points should be paid attention to in future textbook construction:(1)Directivity:The improvement of problem-solving ability should point to moderate increases in ill-structured problem context;(2)Scientificity:The setting of the problem context should take into account the effective integration of characteristics of the mathematics as the subject and students’cognition;and(3)Supportability:The adjustment of the proportion of each level of contexts needs to be related to feedback from classroom teaching.