中国数学教育的统一性与多样性--基于大陆现行初中数学教科书中数学史内容现状分析及思考

The Uniformity and Diversity in Chinese Mathematics Education--Analyses and Reflections on the History of Mathematics in the Current Mathematics Textbooks In Chinese Junior Schools

数学教育的统一性与多样性诠释了中国在同一课程标准下不同版本教科书研究.数学史的融入是■其由学术形态转化为教育形态的基本要求,也是进行理性思考的必要环节.以中国大陆全部12套现行初中数学教科书中数学史为研究对象,在领域及栏目分布、呈现方式、文化及内容维度和个案6个方面,通过数据编码进行定量研究及可视化分析.发现数学史多集中于数与代数及图形与几何,且内容缺乏多样性;部分版本数学史栏目单一,多集中于阅读材料;图文呈现占主导地位;融入了数量可观的外国数学史,但有少量或对比性话语用于表达外国数学史的融入;较多以简单介绍为主的内容弱化了数学史的教育作用;融入的数学史中存在内容歧义、割裂整体、意义薄弱等问题.

The uniformity and diversity of mathematics education explain why different versions of textbooks are required by the same mathematics curriculum standards in China.Studying the history of mathematics is the basic requirement of transforming the history of mathematics from academic form into educational form,and it is also a necessary part of rational thinking.This paper takes the history of mathematics in all versions of current mathematics textbooks in China's Mainland middle schools as the object of study,including the distribution of fields,the distribution of columns,the mode of presentation,the cultural dimension,the content dimension,and the case analysis,to do quantitative research and visual analysis by data coding.The results show the following:the history of mathematics in number and algebra and graphs and geometry is more prominent than in other fields and its content lacks diversity;the distribution of mathematical history columns is considerable overall;the mathematical history columns of some versions of textbooks are not abundant;the history of mathematics mainly focuses on reading materials;the combination of graphs and text is the main presentation mode;textbooks have incorporated a considerable amount of foreign mathematical history but there are still a small number of comparative words used to express the integration of foreign mathematical history;and,the way the history of mathematics is introduced weakens the educational role of mathematics history.In addition,there are some questions to be improved,such as content ambiguity,separation of the whole,vague expressions,lack of rigor,and weak meanings.