重庆市中学生健康素养水平及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of health literacy among junior and senior high school students in Chongqing

目的了解重庆市中学生健康素养水平及影响因素,为针对性开展健康促进工作提供依据。方法于2019年11—12月采用分层随机整群抽样方法,在重庆市4个区县抽取8449名初、高中生进行青少年健康素养问卷调查。结果重庆市中学生总健康素养、功能性健康素养、互动性健康素养和批判性健康素养的具备率分别为67.96%(5742名)、75.12%(6347名)、50.24%(4245名)和72.21%(6101名)。12个因子素养中具备率较低的有健康决定能力、合理营养、沟通能力,具备率分别为41.52%(3580名)、46.09%(3894名)、62.18%(5254名)。控制相关混杂因素后,多因素Logistic回归分析显示,调查地区(OR=1.20)、学段(OR=1.35)、与母亲关系(OR=1.52)、与老师关系(OR=2.20)、亲密朋友数量(OR=1.68)、健康教育课程(OR=1.52)是影响中学生总健康素养的因素(P值均<0.05)。结论重庆市中学生健康素养水平较低,应重点提高互动性健康素养,促进中学生健康发展。

Objective To understand the health literacy level and its influencing factors among middle school students in Chongqing,and to provide a basis for health promotion.Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling and a self-designed questionnaire,we conducted a survey among 8449 junior and senior high school students from four districts and counties in Chongqing municipality from November to December 2019.Results The attainment rates of total health literacy,functional health literacy,interactive health literacy,and critical health literacy among middle school students in Chongqing were 67.96%,75.12%,50.24%,and 72.21%,respectively.Among the 12 factors,low rates were observed in health decision-making,reasonable nutrition,and communication(41.52%,46.09%and 62.18%,respectively).After controlling for related confounding factors,the results of the multivariate Logistic regression analysis indicated that the following factors affected the total health literacy of middle school students:the investigated region(OR=1.20);school segment(OR=1.35);relationship with mother(OR=1.52);relationship with teacher(OR=2.20);number of close friends(OR=1.68);and health education course(OR=1.52)(P<0.05).Conclusion The health literacy level of middle school students in Chongqing is relatively low.Therefore,it is necessary to focus on improving interactive health literacy in order to promote the healthy development of middle school students.