农村留守儿童膳食多样化评价及其影响因素分析

Dietary diversity and determinants among left-behind children in rural area

目的评价学龄期留守儿童的膳食多样化得分及其影响因素,为指导留守儿童合理膳食提供参考依据。方法2019年8月对2009年在江苏射阳建立的儿童出生队列中501名9~10岁儿童进行调查,问卷询问儿童留守情况与其他基本信息,24 h膳食回顾法收集膳食资料。根据联合国粮食与农业组织(Food and Agriculture Organization,FAO)的标准计算膳食多样化得分(dietary diversity score,DDS10和DDS)和食物多样性得分(food variety score,FVS);测量儿童的体格发育指标并评估肥胖情况,应用多变量回归分析留守情况与膳食多样化得分关系及影响因素。结果留守儿童的比例为40.9%,3种膳食多样化得分(DDS10、DDS、FVS)分别为(5.69±1.31)(6.55±1.44)(13.48±4.23)分,均低于非留守儿童(5.99±1.29,6.79±1.40,14.15±4.22)分,留守儿童与非留守儿童的DDS10评分差异有统计学意义(P=0.01)。广义线性模型回归结果显示,性别、被动吸烟、家庭教育水平、家庭年收入、留守情况与膳食多样化得分相关均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论留守儿童的膳食多样化程度较低,膳食多样化与儿童性别、被动吸烟、家庭教育水平和家庭年收入等有关。应注重留守儿童膳食多样化,改善儿童饮食。

Objective To evaluate the status of dietary diversity and determinants among school-age left-behind children.Methods A total of 501 children aged 9-10 years in Sheyang Mini Cohort Study were enrolled from Sheyang City in Jiangsu Province during 2019.A questionnaires survey was administrated to collect left-behind and socioeconomic information.Twenty-four hour dietary recall survey was conducted,dietary diversity score(DDS10 and DDS)and food variety score(FVS)were computed according to Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO).Weight and height of children were measured and sex-and age-standardized body mass index was used to define obesity.Multivariable regression models were preformed to explore the determinants of dietary diversity in school-age left-behind children.Results The proportion of left-behind children was 40.9%.The mean value and standard deviation of three kinds of dietary diversity score(DDS10,DDS,FVS)in left-behind children were(5.69±1.31)(6.55±1.44)and(13.48±4.23),respectively.All of these were lower than that in non-left-behind children(DDS10:5.99±1.29;DDS:6.79±1.40;FVS:14.15±4.22).Significant difference in DDS10 between left-behind and non-left-behind children was observed(P=0.01).The results of multivariable regression demonstrated that gender,passive smoking,family education level and family economic status were related to dietary diversity scores(P<0.05).Conclusion Dietary diversity in school-age left-behind children was not optimistic and gender,passive smoking,parental education level,family economic status and left-behind situation play a critical role in dietary diversity among these children.