皱皮香猪皮肤胶原蛋白编码基因表达的研究

Study on expression of collagen coding gene in the wrinkled skin of Xiang pigs

为了探究皱皮香猪皮肤褶皱表型形成的原因,试验采用转录组测序和生物信息学比对分析方法,以正常香猪为对照,对皱皮香猪皮肤中胶原蛋白编码基因的表达量和表达差异进行研究。结果表明:根据转录组测序数据,从皱皮香猪皮肤中共鉴定出30个胶原蛋白编码基因;表达量最高的3个基因分别为Ⅰ型胶原蛋白编码基因COL1A1和COL1A2及Ⅲ型胶原蛋白编码基因COL3A1,其在正常香猪皮肤中的平均每百万读数(CPM)值分别为20881,10498,22006,在皱皮香猪皮肤中的平均CPM值分别为9363,5232,10551,这3个基因的表达量呈下调趋势(P>0.05);而Ⅵ型胶原蛋白编码基因COL6A5、COL6A6和ⅩⅣ型胶原蛋白编码基因COL14A1表达量呈显著上调趋势(P<0.05)。说明皱皮香猪皮肤中胶原蛋白编码基因的表达量低于正常香猪,可能与皱皮香猪皮肤的胶原纤维含量不足、组织结构紊乱有关,胶原蛋白编码基因COL1A1、COL1A2和COL3A1的下调以及COL6A5、COL6A6和COL14A1的上调可能是导致皱皮香猪皮肤产生褶皱的原因之一。

To investigate the causes of wrinkle phenotype of wrinkled Xiang pigs, the normal Xiang pigs were used as control, the expression abundance and expression difference of collagen coding genes were determined using transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis method. The results showed that a total of 30 collagen coding genes were identified from the skin of the wrinkled Xiang pigs based on transcriptome sequencing datas. Three collagen coding genes were expressed at the highest level, which were collagen type Ⅰ coding genes COL1 A1 and COL1 A2, and collagen type Ⅲ coding gene COL3 A1. The average values of counts per million(CPM) in normal skin were 20 881, 10 498, 22 006, and in wrinkled skin were 9 363, 5 232, 10 551, respectively. However, the expression of these three genes showed a down-regulated trend(P>0.05), while the expression of collagen type Ⅵ genes COL6 A5, COL6 A6 and collagen type ⅩⅣ genes COL14 A1 showed a significant up-regulated trend(P<0.05). It indicated that the expression of collagen coding genes in skin of wrinkled pig were lower than that of normal pigs, which might be related to the deficiency of collagen fiber content and the disorder of tissue structure in skin of wrinkled Xiang pigs. The down-regulation of collagen-coding genes COL1 A1, COL1 A2 and COL3 A1 and the up-regulation of COL6 A5, COL6 A6 and COL14 A1 might be one of the causes of wrinkled pig skin folds.