论荀子思想体系中的“敬”观念

The Study on the “Jing” Idea in the Thought System of Xunzi

"敬"是荀子思想体系之中重要的道德范畴,也是研究荀子思想不应忽视的领域。从对天道自然的体认开始,荀子注重效法天的刚健品格,"敬"反映了以清醒的自觉强调个体存在,倡导个人自我价值实现的意义。"敬"渗透于荀子所建构的道德伦理体系的各个层面,体现了荀子对人性、现实和社会实践复杂性的重视,遵循客观明晰的社会价值判断。在建构以"礼"为表征的社会秩序方面,荀子以"敬"落实和实践礼所追求的价值目标,致力于教化百姓、实现社会治理。在现实政治中,荀子的"敬"贯穿于政治活动的展开、政治道德和政治原则确立的始终。荀子以"敬"建树君子道德,消解和规避人性之恶,推行政治教化,使其思想和学说具备了强烈的理性色彩和儒家的现实实践精神而影响后世。

"Jing"is an important moral category that runs through Xunzi’s ideology,and it is also an area that should not be neglected in the study of unzi’s thought.Starting from the recognition of the natural view on heaven,Xunzi pays attention to imitating the rigid character of heaven,and"Jing"reflects the significance of emphasizing individual existence with awake and self-conscious and advocating the meaning that realize the individual self-worth.On the basis of inheriting the Confucianism of benevolence and courtesy represented by Confucius,Xunzi’s spirit of"Jing"permeates various code of ethical conduct,such as courtesy,filial piety,loyalty and faith,and pays attention to the enthusiasm and initiative of facing the social reality.In the construction of social order characterized by"courtesy",Xunzi takes"Jing"to implement and practice the value goals pursued by the ceremony,and then civilize the people and govern the society.In the real political life,Xunzi’s"Jing"runs through the development of political activities,political morality and the establishment of political principles.Xunzi build a gentleman’s morality with"Jing",dispelling and circumventing the evil of human nature,the implementation of political education,so that his ideas and doctrines have a strong rational color and practical Spirit of Confucianism,affecting later generations.