本科专业与本科教育“通”和“专”定位的迷局

Undergraduate Majors and the Puzzle of Undergraduate Education Positioning between“General”and“Professional”

本科专业既是学科分门别类化的产物,也是社会劳动分工细化扩增职业训练需求的结果,前者可称为学科专业化,后者为特定职业的学术或学科化。本科教育在学术与应用、"通"与"专"、口径宽与窄等选择之间始终存在诸多矛盾。在现实中,本科教育的广博与专深其实不可兼得,学生的近期收益与长远收益、个人利益与社会价值都存在内在性紧张。在当前就业压力日益加大的背景下,供给好的本科教育,要求高校能基于特定情境与条件,以最大程度尊重学生的多样化需求为前提,建构更加灵活的多渠道通专结合人才培养体系,从而为学生的终身学习与职业生涯发展奠定基础。

Undergraduate majors result from the classification of disciplines,which is discipline specialization;they also reflect social divisions of labor,which is disciplinization of specific occupations.There are many contradictions between the orientations of academic and application,general and specialization,wide and narrow scope.In reality,breadth and depth,inherent tensions between students*short-term and long-term benefits,as well as personal and social interests are actually incompatible.In the context of increasingly employment pressure,universities should build a more flexible and multi-channel integrated talent cultivation system based on its specific circumstances and conditions,and meet the diverse needs of students to the greatest extent,so as to lay the foundation for students*lifelong learning and career development.