德国衔接、融通的职业教育体系建设的核心基础与实现路径

The Construction Foundation of the Connected and Integrated Vocational Education System in Germany and Its Realization

德国建设衔接、融通的职业教育体系是有效应对人口变化及科技发展挑战的重要举措,同时也拓宽了个性化教育路径。教育标准分类和资格框架为职业教育层次与类型的确立提供制度基础,学历资格与职业资格"不同类但等值"为职业教育路径的形成提供理论基础,基础职业教育与高等职业教育的阶段划分为职业教育体系的纵向衔接和横向融通提供现实基础,德国职业教育体系由此形成了内部衔接、相对独立的职业路径和类型协调、职普结合的融合路径。职业路径符合德国传统职业教育技能累积的特点,融合路径则吸收了职业教育与学术教育各自的优势,两条路径共同构建了德国面向未来发展的渗透性职业教育体系。

The education standard classification and the qualification framework offer the institutional basis for the vocational education levels and types.Academic qualification and vocational qualification provide the theoretical basis for the vocational education path.The division of basic vocational education and higher vocational education gives the realistic basis for the vertical connection and horizontal integration.German vocational education system has formed a relatively independent occupation-path and an integration-path.The occupation-path conforms to the skill accumulation of traditional vocational education,while the integration-path absorbs the respective advantages of the vocational and academic education,which jointly create a future-oriented and permeable vocational education system.