科研人员违规套取科研经费行为的司法认定——从法益保护视角切入

Judicial Determination of Scientific Researcher’s Illegal Arbitrage of Scientific Research Funds——From the Perspective of Legal interest Protection

科研人员违规套取科研项目经费行为具有可谴责性,但刑事违法性并不明确。科研经费套取行为多以贪污入罪,但存在广泛争议,此罪、彼罪界定不清晰。可通过梳理科研经费性质、科研人员身份、经费使用行为、科研合同属性等问题,从"套取行为"侵害法益入手,结合法定犯理论,阐释国家科研利益的实现途径,科研经费管理权和科研经费自主使用权的冲突,科研经费规范禁止性规定与科研规范目的冲突的价值选择。在现行科研经费管理模式下,应提倡刑法"谦抑性"理念,从合目的性、相关性、科研经费"公共财产"部分排除角度出发,限制违规套取科研经费行为的入罪范围,同时提倡科研人员犯罪刑事责任"轻缓化"。

The illegal arbitrage of funds for scientific research projects by scientific researchers is condemnable,but the criminal illegality is obscure.The arbitrage of scientific research funds is mostly criminalized by corruption,but there is widespread controversy.The definition of this crime and the other crime is vague.Through sorting out the nature of scientific research funds,the identity of scientific research personnel,the use of funds and the attributes of scientific research contracts,and based on the infringement of legal interests by"arbitrage behavior",one should combine the theory of legal crimes,to explain the realization of the interests of the state scientific research,the conflict between scientific research funding management rights and the independent use of scientific research funding,and the value selection of the conflict between the prohibitive provisions of scientific research funding norms and the purpose of scientific research norms.Under the current scientific research funding management model,the concept of"humility and restraint"of criminal law should be advocated.From the perspective of the purpose,relevance,and"public property"of scientific research funds,the scope of criminalization of illegal arbitrage of scientific research fund should be restricted and the criminal responsibility of scientific researchers personnel’s crimes should be lightened.