基于“客流-用地”的城市轨道交通站点类型识别与空间再平衡研究——以成都市为例

Urban Rail Transit Station Type Identification and Job-Housing Spatial Rebalancing Based on Passenger Flow and Land Use:Taking Chengdu as an Example

城市轨道交通站点是城市各种社会经济活动的关键节点,不同类型的站点在城市中的区位条件、功能定位、土地利用、人流特征等均存在差异。利用成都市2018年POl数据、地铁刷卡数据、出行调查等数据,基于“客流行为-用地结构”视角,将人群行为和实体空间进行关联聚类,通过K-均值聚类对成都市136个轨道交通站点进行类型识别,并分析其空间格局与客流OD的通勤特征。结果表明:①“客流-用地”聚类方法分类结果为居住主导型、就业主导型、职住错位型等7类;②成都市城市轨道交通站点呈圈层式线性分布特征,站点类型随着到城市中心距离的增加而减少,居住型主要分布于城市二、三环外,而空间错位型站点主要分布在二环-三环之间,就业型集中分布在高新南及一环内;③站点客流OD表现出早晚高峰离心性,以及大跨区流动趋势,7种站点类型之间具有典型“居住-就业”通勤与非典型“错位-错位”通勤特征。基于站点类型与多尺度轨道通勤时空规律,提出了城市轨道交通站点空间再平衡引导策略:基于空间类型互补的站点集群再平衡,基于失衡主体行为的公共资源再平衡,站点地区土地混合“量”与“质”再平衡。

Urban rail transit stations are the key nodes of various social and economic activities in the city.Different types of stations have differences in location conditions,functional positioning,land use,and characteristics of people flow in the city.Using Chengdu city's 2018 POI data,subway card swiping data,travel surveys and other data,based on the perspective of"passenger behavior-land use structure",the crowd behavior and physical space clustering,and 136 tracks in Chengdu through K-means clustering,the type of traffic station is identified,and its spatial pattern and commuting characteristics of passenger flow OD are analyzed.The results show that:①The classification results of the"passenger flow-land"clustering method are residential-oriented,employment-oriented,and job-housing dislocation;②The urban rail transit stations in Chengdu are distributed linearly in a circle,and the types of stations follow as the distance to the city center increases and decreases,the residential type is mainly distributed outside the city's second and third ring roads,while the spatially dislocated sites are mainly distributed between the second and third ring roads,and the employment type is concentrated in the high-tech south and first ring;③The OD of the station passenger flow shows the eccentricity of morning and evening peaks and the trend of large-scale cross-regional flow.The seven types of stations have the characteristics of typical"residential-employment"commuting and atypical"dislocation-dislocation"commuting.Based on the station type and multi-scale rail commuting time and space rules,the urban rail transit station spatial rebalance guidance strategy is proposed:station cluster rebalance based on complementary spatial types,public resource rebalance based on the behavior of unbalanced subjects,and land mixed"quantity"in the station area with"quality".