不同种植模式对谷子产量及水分利用效率的影响

Effect of Different Cropping Patterns on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Foxtail Millet

【目的】如何实现水分高效利用是有效缓解我国旱作区水资源匮乏的重要途径之一。【方法】在敦煌极度干旱自然条件下,以新抗旱杂交谷子品种“张杂谷19号”为参试材料,通过设置地膜覆盖、灌溉及种植密度等不同处理,以期制定品种与配套栽培技术相结合的高水效种植模式。【结果】①与覆膜无补灌(F1W0)相比,收获期无膜无补灌(F0W0)处理张杂谷19号土壤水分明显低于大同29号,地膜覆盖减少水分无效散失,保证植株正常生长发育,促进根系发育,从而中后期吸收更多深层水分。②种植模式对谷子产量有显著影响(%P%<0.05),顺序依次为F0W1处理>F1W0处理>F0W0处理,张杂谷19号明显高于大同29号。③补灌可明显提高水分利用效率,但是,张杂谷19号在覆膜无补灌,9.0万株·hm^(-2)处理下最高,达到18.16 kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1)。【结论】在水分限制下保持高水效且获得较高收获产量;如适当增加补灌,不仅保持较高的水分利用效率,更可大幅增加产量。研究仅限于降雨量少且有灌溉条件的地区,如依据水资源条件,制定不同区域配套的谷子高水效种植体系,这将对保证旱作区粮食高产和稳产具有重要的意义。

Arid and semi-arid region in China accounts for a large proportion of the national agricultural land.It is extremely important in food production of China.However,the water resources in this areas is relatively unsurfficient,and it could not meet the requirement of agricultural water.Meanwhile,its uneven spatial and temporal distribution is not in accordance with crop water requirements.Water shortage and drought are the predominant limiting factors of agriculture in these areas.How to achieve high water use efficiency(WUE)is one of main ways to effectively alleviate water scarcity in China's dry farming areas.Under extremely dry land in Dunhuang,a new drought-resistant hybrid millet variety‘ZZG19’was used as tested material,and different treatments such as mulching,irrigation and planting density were set to develop high water efficiency cultivation mode after combing variety with planting techniques.The results showed that:①Compared with F1W0,the soil moisture of‘ZZG19’was significantly lower than DT 29 in F0W0 treatment at harvest stage.Plastic film mulching could reduce ineffective dissipation of water and ensure normal growth and promote root elongation,thus more water from deeper soil was obtained at middle and late stages.②The planting pattern had a significant effect on yield(P<0.05),and it was in sequence of F0W1>F1W0>F0W0.‘ZZG19’was significantly higher than DT 29.③Supplementary irrigation could significantly improve WUE,but the WUE of‘ZZG19’without plastic film and irrigation reached the highest value(18.16 kg·hm^(-2)·mm^(-1)).It had high WUE and obtained a higher harvest yield with limited water,and appropriate supplementary irrigation significantly increased harvest yield.This study was only available to areas where have low rainfall but have irrigated condidion.If high-efficiency planting systems of foxtail millet in different regions were established based on different water resources,it will be beneficial to ensuring high and stable grain production in dry farming areas.