武汉市后湖流域“十四五”时期水生态环境保护及治理对策研究

Study on protection and control countermeasures of water ecological environment in Wuhan Houhu Lake watershed during the fourteenth Five-year Plan period

为探究后湖的水体污染特征和存在问题,改善后湖水生态环境质量,对后湖流域的水质及主要污染源的污染负荷进行了分析和核算。结果表明:后湖的主要污染源是城市径流、生活污水和水产养殖污染,城市径流和生活污水对化学需氧量的贡献率分别为46.04%、45.67%;COD、NH_(3)-N、TN和TP的排放量均已超过相应的水环境容量,为了满足水质目标要求,需分别削减排放量58.94t、60.05、103.57t和19.99t。针对后湖流域目前存在的水环境、水资源、水生态问题,结合流域实际,提出了“十四五”期间实施入湖排污口排查整治、提升城镇污水系统、强化城市径流污染治理、防治农业农村污染、加强水资源保障、水生态保护修复的治理对策。

In order to explore the water pollution characteristics and existing problems of Hou Lake,and improve the ecological environmental quality of Houhu Lake,thsi paper calculated and analyzed the water quality of the Houhu Lake basin and the pollution load of the main pollution sources.The results show that the main pollution sources of Houhu Lake are urban runoff,domestic sewage and aquaculture pollution.The contribution rates of urban runoff and domestic sewage to chemical oxygen demand are 46.04%and 45.67%,respectively.The emissions of NH_(3)-N,TN and TP have exceeded the corresponding water environmental capacity.In order to meet the water quality requirements,the emissions need to be reduced by 58.94t,60.05t,103.57t and 19.99t,respectively.In view of the current problems of water environment,water resources and water ecology in the Houhu basin,combined with the reality of the basin,this paper puts forward the countermeasures of carrying out the investigation and regulation of the sewage outlet into the lake,upgrading the urban sewage system,strengthening the treatment of urban runoff pollution,preventing and controlling agricultural and rural pollution,strengthening the guarantee of water resources and the protection and restoration of water ecology during the fourteenth Five-year Plan period.