区块链系统中身份管理技术研究综述

Survey on Identity Management in Blockchain

区块链技术是一种通过块链式结构、共识算法和智能合约来生成、存储、操作和验证数据的新型分布式基础架构和计算范式,其所构建的新型信任机制有助于推动互联网技术由信息互联网向价值互联网的转化.由于区块链中的账本数据采用公开交易记录、多节点共识确认的方式进行存储和验证,因此对系统中的身份管理及隐私保护提出了极大的挑战.首先分析了区块链系统交易模型的特点及其与传统中心化系统在身份认证、数据存储和交易确认方面的不同,阐述了区块链系统中身份管理技术涵盖的主要内容、关键问题及安全挑战;其次,从身份标识、身份认证和身份隐藏3个方面比较分析了目前主流区块链平台中身份管理和隐私保护的不同实现技术;最后,分析了现有区块链系统中身份管理的不足并对未来的研究方向进行了展望.

Blockchain technology is a new distributed infrastructure and computation paradigm that generates,stores,manipulates,and validates data through chain structures,consensus algorithms,and smart contracts.The new trust mechanism is built to promote the transformation of Internet technology from Internet of information to Internet of value.Since the data in the blockchain is stored and verified by means of public transaction records and multi-peer consensus confirmation,it poses a great challenge to the transaction privacy protection in the system.This study first analyzes the characteristics of the blockchain system transaction model and its differences from the traditional centralized system in identity authentication,data storage and transaction confirmation,and describes the main contents,key issues and security challenges of identity management in blockchain.Secondly,the different implementation technologies of identity management and privacy protection are analyzed in the current mainstream blockchain platform from three aspects,namely,identity identification,identity authentication,and identity hiding.Finally,the shortcoming of the existing blockchain identity management technology issummarized and the future research directionsare proposed.