虚拟现实(VR)沉浸式环境如何实现深度取向的学习投入?——复杂任务情境中的学习效果研究

How can Immersive VR Environment Achieve Deeply Oriented Learning Engagement:Study on Learning Effects in Complex Task-solving Situations

虚拟现实(VR)沉浸式环境打破了场景边界,给学习者带来了身临其境般的体验,但鲜有研究关注VR环境如何实现深度取向的学习投入。针对这一问题的研究可设计为:假设VR环境与2D媒体提供的场景资源对学习效果和学习投入之间产生差异,利用VR“遨游人类皮肤”场景,设计基于皮肤知识的任务和测试内容,借助眼动数据和相关量表,跟踪和测试学习深度投入、注意力表现、学业表现、即时测试成绩和知识留存率(一周后测试成绩),藉此深入探究VR环境对深度投入的作用机制。研究显示:虽然实验结束后立即测试VR组和非VR组没有明显差异,但是一周后的知识留存率却存在显著性差异。这证实了在VR环境中能够保持学习和强化学习者的长期记忆,即VR环境中的学习能够不断促进学习者的深度信息加工和学习投入。此外,VR学习能够实现陈述性知识和程序性知识的情景化,促进知识保留和内化,增强学习体验和深度投入。其原因在于,VR沉浸式环境提供了多通道感知和复合型信息检索的机会,能够帮助学习者集中注意力和深层次信息检索。研究结果表明:在VR环境中视听感官体验能够提升学习者的情感投入,可以帮助学习者获得更为持久的记忆效果,促进深度取向的学习投入;VR学习需要考虑学习者的眩晕感等生理因素和临场情绪,及时调整学习进度和内容。因此,建议开放VR教学设计的角色,鼓励一线教师参与定制化的VR沉浸式资源,优化凸显情感元素的VR学习内容,设计多通道感知的知识情境,形成“设计—教学—诊断—反馈—干预”的学习资源设计,以提升学习者的认知水平和综合能力。

The VR immersive environment breaks the boundary of the scene and brings learners an immersive experience.However,there is lacking empirical researches on deep learning engagement and information processing.To answer the above questions,this research establishes the relationship between the learner’s engagement and the complex task process.It is assumed that there is a difference between the VR environment and the 2D media on the learning outcomes.Furtherly,we track the retention rate of knowledge content a week after the experience.Researchers use the VR scene of“Human Skin”to construct tasks and tests,and compare the differences in students’learning engagement,attention,academic performance and knowledge retention.Although there is no significant difference between the VR group and the non-VR group immediately after the experiment,there is a significant difference in the knowledge retention rate after one week,which confirms that VR environment maintains and strengthens the learner’s long-term memory.In addition,VR learning can contextualize declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge,and improve the degree of knowledge retention and internalization of knowledge to enhance learning experience and in-depth engagement.It is precisely because the VR immersive environment provides opportunities for multi-channel perception and compound information retrieval,helping learners to concentrate on and multi-channel information retrieval.Finally,the study found that the audiovisual sensory experience in the VR environment can increase emotional engagement,which helps learners obtain a longer-lasting memory effect.At the same time,VR learning needs to consider the learner’s dizziness and other physiological factors and presence emotions and adjust the learning progress and content in time.Based on the above research conclusions,it is further recommended to encourage teachers to participate in VR immersive customized resources,optimize VR learning content that highlights emotional elements,design non-single multi-channel perceptual knowledge contexts,and form‘design-teaching-feedback-intervention’loop to improve learners’cognitive engagement and comprehensive ability.