火龙果花表型性状多样性及其与结果性状的相关性

Diversity of Flower Phenotype of Pitaya and its Correlation with Fruiting Traits

对火龙果种质资源花表型性状的多样性及其与结果性状的相关性进行观察分析。结果表明:火龙果种质资源花盛开时的柱头与花药相对位置、柱头打开程度、花粉量、花的香气4个描述性状的Simpson指数为0.224~0.604,花朵长度、花冠直径、柱头与花药高度差、柱头裂条长度4个数量性状的遗传变异系数在0.08~0.96之间,存在着极为丰富的遗传多样性;火龙果自然坐果率、果实大小、商品果率与花盛开时的表型性状呈显著相关性,花盛开时柱头与花药相对位置和高度差、柱头裂条长度、花粉量等性状与自然坐果率和果实大小有密切相关性,是选育种中需要考量的重要指标。

The diversity of flower phenotype and its correlation with fruiting traits in pitaya germplasm resources were observed and analyzed in this paper.The results showed that the Simpson index of relative position of stigma in full bloom to anther,stigma opening degree,pollen quantity and flower aroma varied from 0.224 to 0.604;and the genetic variation coefficient of flower length,corolla diameter,height distance between stigma and anther,and stigma lobe length were between 0.08 and 0.96,indicating that there was extremely abundant genetic diversity.The natural fruit setting rate,fruit size and commercial fruit rate of pitaya were significantly correlated with the phenotype of flowers in full bloom;the relative position and height distance between stigma and anther,stigma lobe length and pollen quantity were closely related to natural fruit setting rate and fruit size,which were important indexes to be considered in selective breeding.