历史唯物主义的三重语境

The Triple Context of the Historical Materialism Context

马克思恩格斯在回答“资本主义向何处去?人类社会向何处去?”的时代课题中创立和发展了历史唯物主义。从整个发展过程看,历史唯物主义经历了三重语境。第一重语境:通过“哲学信仰清算”确定了历史唯物主义的基本范畴和方法,揭示了人类社会发展的规律;第二重语境:通过“政治经济学”诠释,实现了历史唯物主义从抽象到具体形态的转换,使历史唯物主义最初概念、理论和方法得到了具体化,从而揭示了资本主义产生、生存、发展的规律;第三重语境:通过提出“历史合力论”完成了对错误思潮的批判,实现了历史唯物主义的自洽,使得上层建筑中那些隐含的、不被重视的观念范畴显性化,使国家、市场、社会等观念备受关注,从而完善了历史唯物主义的话语体系。

Karl Heinrich Marx and Friedrich Engels founded and developed the historical materialism during the process of answering the questions asked by the era like“where will capitalism and the human society go?”Throughout the entire development of the historical materialism,it has experienced threefold context.First,the context defined the basic category and methods of historical materialism through carrying out“Philosophical Belief Liquidation”,which revealed the laws of the development of human society.In the second-fold context,the historical materialism has been transformed from abstract to concrete through the interpretation of“Political Economy”,and its original concepts,theories and methods are concretized,which uncovered the laws of the emergence,survival and development of capitalism.In the third-fold context,the task of criticizing the wrong trend of thought has been finished by putting forward the theory of“Historical Resultant Force”,and the autonomy of the historical materialism has been achieved,which made the implicit and neglected concepts of superstructure explicit,and more attention has been paid to the ideas of the state,the market,the society,and so on,thus perfecting the discourse system of the historical materialism.