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抗战前期中苏交通线与苏联军事物资输华 被引量:1

The China-Soviet Transport Lines and the Export of Soviet Military Materials to China in the Early Stage of the Anti-Japanese War
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摘要 抗战前期,中国努力呼吁欧美列强援助,但欧美列强为了维护自身利益,在远东对日本实施绥靖政策,没有谁主张对华军援。只有苏联基于自己的国家安全战略,决定秘密军事援华。为了将华购苏联军事物资顺利运抵中国,中苏合作开辟了海、陆、空三条交通线。海路从苏联敖德萨港出发,过博斯普鲁斯海峡、印度洋至中国香港和东南亚诸海港(仰光、海防等),然后货物转陆路运抵中国抗战前线;中国西北国际通道则由空、陆联运立体构成,由苏联援助的航空队和载重汽车从阿拉木图满载军事物资出发,自霍尔果斯入境(至中国境内还有大量中国民间驼队参与运输苏援军事物资),经伊犁、石河、乌鲁木齐、古城、哈密、安西、肃州、凉州等运抵兰州,再分运抗战前线。通过中苏海、陆、空交通线运输的华购苏援军事物资提升了中国军队的战斗力,沉重打击了日本侵略者的嚣张气焰。战时中苏交通线不仅是实践苏联外交战略的关键,更是中国抗日战场的"生命线"。 In the early stage of the anti-Japanese War,China made an appeal to European countries and the US for assistance.However,in order to safeguard their own interests,these countries adopted an appeasement policy against Japan in the Far East and no country advocated military assistance to China.Based on its national security strategy,the Soviet Union decided to secretly provide military aid to China.To successfully transport Soviet military supplies to China,the two countries cooperated to open up three transport lines by sea,land and air.The sea route departed from the Odessa Port in the Soviet Union,passed through the Bosporus Strait and the Indian Ocean,and arrived at Hong Kong and various sea ports in Southeast Asia(Rangoon,Haiphong,etc.),and then the supplieswere transported by land to the front lines of the Anti-Japanese War.The Northwest China International Corridor used air-land coordinated transport.The aviation team and trucks aided by the Soviet Union departed from Almaty,entered Khorgos(a large number of Chinese civilian camel teams participated in the transportation of Soviet-aided military supplies in China),passed through Ili,Shihe,Urumqi,Gucheng,Hami,and Anxi,Suzhou,Liangzhou,etc.,arrived in Lanzhou,and then transported to the front lines of the War.With the help of military materials transported by the sea,land,and air lines,the combat effectiveness of the Chinese army had been improved,and the arrogance of the Japanese invaders had been heavily struck.The China-Soviet transport linesare not only the key to practice the Soviet diplomatic strategy,but a the"lifeline"of China's anti-Japanese battlefield.
作者 陈开科 Chen Kaike
出处 《俄罗斯学刊》 2021年第4期19-38,共20页 Academic Journal of Russian Studies
基金 国家社科基金重大项目“抗战时期西北国际通道资料整理及研究”(项目批准号:19ZDA218)阶段性成果。
关键词 军事援华 中苏交通线 西北国际通道 military aid to China China-Soviet tranport lines the Northwest China International Corridor
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