中俄科技外交与实践

China-Russia Science and Technology Diplomacy and Practice

中俄对科技外交定义的差别很大,中国通常视之为外交的一部分,而俄罗斯视之为国际科技合作的一部分,属公共外交范畴。中俄科技合作有很深的历史渊源,中国曾受益于苏联的科技援助。新时期,中俄在科技领域的互补性更强,体现战略互信的重大科技合作项目陆续落地,科技合作呈现多层次、宽领域、多元化、市场化等特点。2020—2021年,两国成功举办"中俄科技创新年",进一步拓展了科技合作的深度和广度,为此双方专门制定了合作路线图,联合举办了1 000多项活动。今后中俄应着力在以下方面进行改进:一是抓实基础性科学合作;二是以市场为导向,做实互利项目;三是培养和打磨精益求精的工匠精神;四是互学互鉴,改善创新环境;五是聚焦气候变化、人类健康等共性问题;六是深化国际合作。

The definition of science and technology diplomacy is differentiated in China and Russia.In China,it is usually regarded as a part of diplomacy while in Russia,it is associated with international science and technology cooperation and thus belongs to the scope of public diplomacy.The science and technology cooperation between the two countries has a deep historical origin.Previously,China has benefited from the scientific and technological assistance of the Soviet Union.Now,the science and technology cooperation between China and Russia presents the characteristics of more complementary,multi-level,wide-ranging,diversified,and market-oriented.The two countries have designated the years of 2020 and 2021 as the"Year of Scientific and Technological Innovation",which has further expanded the depth and breadth of their science and technology cooperation.From 2020 to 2021,China and Russia have specially formulated a cooperation roadmap and jointly organized more than 1000 relevant activities.In the future,China and Russia should work to make improvements in the following areas:first,to strengthen cooperation on basic sciences;second,to formulate and implement market-oriented and mutually beneficial projects;third,to cultivate the craftsmanship spirit;fourth,to learn from each other and create innovation environment;the fifth is to focus on common issues such as climate change and human health;the last one is to deepen international cooperation.