俄罗斯对外贸易发展:形势、政策与前景

The Development of Russia's Foreign Trade:Situation,Policies and Prospects

对外贸易发展是一国经济发展水平、产业结构、资源禀赋的综合反映。在新冠肺炎疫情背景下,俄罗斯对外贸易额大幅下降,原因是主要出口商品价格普遍下降。2020年,为配合国家产业政策,俄罗斯加大对非能源和非原材料商品出口的支持,希望逐步摆脱经济对资源出口的依赖;为配合国家外交政策,着力推进欧亚经济联盟一体化进程,并加强与亚太国家的经济贸易联系;为应对新冠肺炎疫情,配合国家反危机计划及国家经济复苏计划,俄政府对关税及非关税政策进行了调整,以达成保障国家粮食安全及重要物资供应安全、平抑物价、稳定国内市场等政策目标。在中期内,俄罗斯对外贸易发展将呈现增长趋势,但从长期看,全球经济低碳发展趋势加速,俄罗斯对外贸易发展前景并不乐观。

Foreign trade comprehensively reflects a country's economic development level,industrial structure,and resource endowment.Against the background of the Covid-19 epidemic,Russia's foreign trade volume has dropped sharply due to the decline in the prices of major export commodities.In 2020,in order to support the national industrial policy,Russia increased its export of non-energy and non-raw material commodities,hoping to gradually get rid of the dependence on resource exports.In order to cooperate with the country's foreign policy,Russia strived to promote the integration process of the Eurasian Economic Union,and to strengthen economic and trade ties with Asia-Pacific countries.In response to the Covid-19 epidemic and in accordance with the national anti-crisis plan and the national economic recovery plan,the Russian government has adjusted its tariff and non-tariff policies to achieve policy goals such as ensuring national food security,improving security of important material supplies,stabilizing prices and domestic market.In the medium term,Russia's foreign trade will show an increasing trend,but in the long run,the low-carbon development trend of global economy is accelerating,and the prospects of Russia's foreign trade development are not optimistic.