微纳米混杂颗粒增强铝基复合材料的设计与研究进展

Design and research progress of micro and nano hybrid particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites

传统颗粒增强铝基复合材料主要是通过添加单一的微米或纳米颗粒作为增强相来改善铝基复合材料的性能。微米颗粒能显著提高铝基复合材料强度、硬度和耐磨性,但塑韧性却大幅下降;而纳米颗粒在提高强度的同时能够保持较好的塑韧性,但由于纳米颗粒的比表面能大,易团聚,制备高体积分数的颗粒增强铝基复合材料比较困难,因此传统铝基复合材料在高科技领域的应用受到一定的限制。为了解决复合材料发展的瓶颈,采用微纳米混杂颗粒增强的设计思路,充分发挥各自增强相的优势和耦合效应,制备出了高性能的混杂颗粒增强铝基复合材料。本文综述了微纳米混杂颗粒增强铝基复合材料设计思路、强化机制及制备技术等方面的研究现状,指出微纳米混杂颗粒增强铝基复合材料存在的问题,并展望了未来的发展方向及需要解决的问题。

The properties of traditional particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites are mainly improved by adding single micron or nano particles as reinforcement phase. Micron particles can significantly improve the strength, hardness and wear resistance of aluminum matrix composites, but the plasticity and toughness decrease significantly. While the addition of nano reinforced particles can improved the strength and maintain good plastic toughness of the aluminum matrix composites, but due to the large specific surface energy and easy agglomeration of nanoparticles, it is difficult to prepare high volume fraction particle reinforced aluminum matrix composites. Therefore, the application of traditional aluminum matrix composites in high-tech fields is limited. In order to solve the bottleneck of the development of composite materials, the micro and nano hybrid particles reinforced aluminum matrix composite materials with high performance were prepared by using the design idea of micro and nano hybrid particles reinforcement and giving full play to the advantages and coupling effect of each reinforcing phase. In this paper, the design idea, strengthening mechanism and preparation technology of micro and nano hybrid particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites are reviewed. The existing problems of micro and nano hybrid particles reinforced aluminum matrix composites are pointed out, and the future development direction and problems to be solved are prospected.