同伴教育在医学高职院校艾滋病防治教育中的应用

Application of peer education in AIDS prevention and control education in medical vocational colleges

目的评价在低年级医学生中开展同伴教育的近期效果,为制定学校艾滋病健康教育策略提供依据。方法整群抽取2018年10月重庆市某医学院校4个专业的532名大一新生作为研究对象。于同伴教育前后分别对其进行艾滋病相关知识、态度、行为的问卷调查,评价健康教育的效果。结果同伴教育后,艾滋病相关知识总知晓率从71.35%提升为84.16%,防治知识知晓率从73.50%提升为87.01%,差异具有统计学意义(χ^(2)=464.328、26.710,P<0.01);对艾滋病相关问题持正向态度的比例有所提高,“愿意与患艾滋病的人交朋友”的比例由39.85%提升为54.29%(χ^(2)=31.476,P<0.01);对艾滋病相关问题持积极行为意向的比例均有提高,“和一个人发生性行为,会询问他/她的性历史”的比例由56.20%提升为63.11%(χ^(2)=4.705,P<0.05)。结论在医学生中开展同伴教育能有效提高艾滋病知识掌握水平,促进正向态度和积极行为意向的形成,该方法对预防、控制艾滋病的传播意义重大。

Objective To evaluate the short-term effects of peer education among junior medical students,and provide evidence for the development of AIDS health education strategies in schools.Methods 532 freshmen from 4 specialties in a medical college in Chongqing were selected by cluster sampling.To evaluate the effect of health education,we conducted a questionnaire survey on AIDS related knowledge,attitude and behavior before and after peer education.Results After peer education,the overall awareness rate and prevention and treatment awareness rate of AIDS-related knowledge were 84.16%and 87.01%,respectively,significantly higher than those before intervention(71.35%and 73.50%)(χ^(2)=464.328、26.710,P<0.01).The proportion with positive attitude towards aids-related issues was increased,and the proportion of"willing to make friends with people with AIDS"was increased from 39.85%to 54.29%(χ^(2)=31.476,P<0.01).The proportion of positive behavioral intention towards aids-related issues was increased,and the proportion of"asking about sexual history before having sex with him/her"was increased from 56.20%to 63.11%(χ^(2)=4.705,P<0.05).Conclusions Peer education among medical students can effectively improve the knowledge level of AIDS,promote the formation of positive attitude and positive behavior intention,and this method is of great significance for the prevention and control of the spread of AIDS.