残障儿童家长学前教育需求调查研究

An Investigation and Research on the Needs of Parents of Disabled Children for Preschool Education

学前阶段作为残障儿童接受教育的开端,是我国残疾人教育事业的重要组成部分。以残障儿童家长学前教育需求调查问卷为研究工具,对随机整群选取的S市3所特教幼儿园和2所特殊学校学前部的110名残障儿童家长进行了问卷调查。结果表明,残障儿童家长学前教育需求整体水平较高,尤其对学校性质及形象需求、保育及服务需求最为迫切;残障儿童家长的学前教育需求与儿童残障程度呈显著负相关,与儿童年龄段、家长学历、家庭月收入呈显著正相关;残障儿童家长年龄、家庭月收入、家长学历、儿童年龄对其学前教育需求具有显著的预测作用。相应的建议:地方政府要积极推进公办融合幼儿园和特色融合幼儿园的建设;加强残障儿童家庭和校(园)间的合作,促进康教(育)结合;对残障儿童家庭实施政策倾斜,确保其享有经济保障;根据儿童残障程度,实施差异性教育;教育主管部门应充分认识到家长年龄、学历、家庭月收入等因素对其学前教育需求的影响,改善相应的管理工作,满足家长的教育需求。

As the beginning of education for children with disabilities,preschool stage is an important part of education for the disabled in China.A questionnaire survey was conducted among 110 parents of children with disabilities randomly selected from three special education kindergartens and two special education schools in S city.The results show that the overall level of preschool education needs of parents of children with disabilities is relatively high,especially for the nature and image of the school,and the needs for care and services are the most urgent;the preschool education needs of parents of children with disabilities are negatively correlated with the degree of children’s disability while positively correlated with the children’s age group,parent’s education level,and family monthly income;and parents’age,family monthly income,parents’education background and children’s age have significant predictive effects on parents’demand for preschool education of disabled children.The corresponding suggestion is that local governments should actively promote the construction of publicly-run integrated kindergartens and characteristic integrated kindergartens;strengthen the cooperation between families of children with disabilities and schools(kindergartens)to promote the integration of recreation and education(education);implement policy preference for families of children with disabilities to ensure that they enjoy economic security;implement differentiated education according to the degree of the child’s disability;fully recognize the factors(parents’age,educational background and family monthly income)that affect the needs of preschool education,and adopt appropriate ways to meet the needs of parents.