武汉市家长儿童观的代际差异及其影响因素

Research on the Intergenerational Differences and Influencing Factors of Parents’Views on Children in Wuhan

本研究通过对武汉市三个年龄段家长进行问卷调查和深度访谈,分析当今不同年龄段家长儿童观的代际差异。结果表明,老年家长与青年、中年家长对于儿童地位、儿童权利、儿童发展与儿童需要的认识存在显著差异,相较而言,青年、中年家长在上述四个维度的观念更趋合理。部分老年家长持有家庭中家长应处于权威地位、儿童处于服从地位的看法;与老年家长相比,青年、中年家长更加尊重儿童,愿意与儿童平等相处。结合访谈分析发现,“家庭本位”的传统文化、经济条件的改善以及受教育程度的增加是导致老年家长和青、中年家长儿童观存在差异的主要原因。为营造良好的儿童成长环境,家长需改变认知,合理期许,促进儿童全面发展;老年家长应善于学习,主动走近儿童;学校、社区、新闻媒体等各行各业应共同帮助家长树立科学的儿童观。

Through questionnaire survey and in-depth interview among parents of three age groups in Wuhan,this study analyzed the intergenerational differences in the views of parents of different age groups on children.The results show that there are significant differences between elderly parents and young and middle-aged parents in their understanding of children’s status,children’s rights,children’s development and children’s needs.Compared with elderly parents,young and middle-aged parents’views on the above four dimensions are more reasonable.Some elderly parents hold the view that parents should be in an authoritative position and children in a subordinate position in the family.Compared with elderly parents,young and middle-aged parents respect children more and are willing to get along with children as equals.Combined with the interview,it is found that the“family-oriented”traditional culture,the improvement of economic conditions and the increase of education level are the main reasons for the differences between the old parents and the young and middle-aged parents in their views on children.In order to create a good environment for children’s growth,parents need to change their cognition,raise reasonable expectations,and promote the all-round development of children;Elderly parents should be good at learning and take the initiative to approach children;Schools,communities,news media and other all walks of life should work together to help parents establish a scientific view of children.