法益重塑和路径调整:积极刑法观下农用地生态法益的刑法保护转向

Legal Interest Reconstruction and Path Adjustment:The Turn of Criminal Law Protection of Ecological Legal Interests of Agricultural Land under Positive Criminal Law View

针对愈演愈烈的农用地犯罪,积极刑法观要求完善对农用地犯罪的刑事制裁。通过分析农用地犯罪实况,笔者发现当前争议在于农用地生态价值的法益化,这导致实行行为认定混乱、司法实践中罪名选择困难及法益损失计算模糊。农用地生态法益是指农用地保持其原有生态性质的环境利益,农用地的保护法益是由秩序法益、财产法益演进至生态法益。在引入生态法益后,对实行行为的认定需要对原有行为进行扩大解释,并仔细甄别新类型的实行行为;在罪名选择上参考域外经验,区分污染环境罪和非法占用农用地罪的界限;在生态法益损失计算上,需要构建相应的生态法益可测量标准和生态法益转化标准。

In response to the increasing crime on agricultural land,the positive criminal law view calls for the improvement of criminal sanctions against agricultural land crime.By analyzing the actual situation of agricultural land crime,I found that the current controversy lies in the legalization of the ecological value of agricultural land,which leads to confusion in the determination of the act of committing the crime,difficulty in choosing the crime in judicial practice and ambiguity in the calculation of the loss of legal benefit.The ecological benefit of agricultural land refers to the environ-mental benefit of maintaining the original ecological nature of agricultural land,and the legal benefit of protecting agricultural land has evolved from orderly legal benefit and property legal benefit to ecological legal benefit.After the introduction of the ecological legal benefit,the determination of the act of implementation requires an expanded interpretation of the original act and a careful screening of the new type of act of implementation;in the selection of the offence,reference is made to overseas experience and a distinction is made between the crime of polluting the environment and the crime of illegal occupation of agricultural land;in the calculation of the ecological legal benefit loss,it is necessary to construct corresponding ecological legal benefit measurable standards and eco-logical legal benefit transformation standards.