太行山南麓核桃-菘蓝/决明复合系统种间水分关系

The Interspecific Water Relations of Juglans Regia-Woad/Sickle Senna Agroforestry System in a Hilly Area of Southern Taihangshan Region

[目的]旨在通过研究不同果药复合模式的种间水分竞争/互惠关系,为太行山南麓低丘山区高效果农复合模式筛选提供理论依据。[方法]采用稳定碳同位素方法,结合热扩散探针等技术,研究核桃-菘蓝/决明复合系统的水分利用效率(WUE)、耗水量和土壤含水量等,以期量化其种间水分关系。[结果]复合系统的土壤含水量比单作核桃和单作作物地块的均有较大提高,单作核桃的土壤含水量也高于单作作物。菘蓝的WUE均随着其生长逐渐减小,而决明的WUE则是2012年随生长增大、2013年减少。单作核桃、单作菘蓝/决明的耗水量均高于间作核桃、间作菘蓝/决明,其中,在2012年和2013年,单作核桃的耗水量分别是间作核桃的1.11、1.07倍,单作菘蓝的耗水量分别是间作菘蓝的1.83、1.96倍,单作决明的耗水量分别是间作决明的2.26、2.60倍。在复合系统中,核桃的耗水量在2012年与药材相当,2013年则高于药材。核桃树行中间处菘蓝和决明的总耗水量均显著高于其他位置(除了2013年菘蓝及决明开花期分别略低于其他位置处)。在2012年,间作系统的总收入分别是单作核桃和单作药材的1.47、1.24倍,在2013年为1.24、1.49倍。[结论]核桃药材复合系统提高了土壤含水量,降低了总耗水量;复合系统的产量土地当量比达到1.9左右,比单作系统明显提高。虽然复合系统的核桃产量比单作核桃有所减少,但加上药材收入后,总收入为单作系统的1.2倍以上,增加了经济收益。因此,核桃-菘蓝/决明复合系统适合在该区推广。

[Objective]The objective of this study is to find out the water relations(competition or facilitation)of various fruit-crop agroforestry systems and to provide theoretical basis for agroforestry configuration in southern Taihangshan region.[Method]In order to quantify the interspecific water relation,the stable carbon isotope technique and the thermal dissipation probe(TDP)method were used to study the water use efficiency(WUE),water consumption and soil water content of component species in a walnut(Juglans regia)-woad(Isatis tinctoria)/sickle senna(Senna tora)agroforestry system.[Result]The results showed that the soil water content of agroforestry system was greater than that of sole walnut,sole woad and sole sickle senna systems,and the sole walnut system had higher soil water content than sole crop systems.The WUE of woad system decreased with their growth,while that of sickle senna system increased with their growth in 2012,but decreased in 2013.The sole walnut and sole woad/sickle senna systems presented a larger water consumption than that in agroforestry system.The water consumption of sole walnut were respectively 1.11 and 1.07 times that of intercropped walnut in 2012 and 2013.The water consumption of sole woad and sole sickle senna systems were 1.83 and 2.26 times that of intercropped woad and intercropped sickle senna in 2012,and 1.96 and 2.60 times in 2013,respectively.Walnut consumed more water than the crops in agroforestry system in 2013,and the water use was equivalent between trees and crops in 2012.Woad and sickle senna in the tree row consumed more water than that at other places(but the water consumption of both the crops was slightly lower than in other places on flowering stage in 2013).The total income of the agroforestry system was respectively 1.49 and 1.24 times that of sole walnut and sole crop systems in 2012,and 1.24 and 1.47 times in 2013.[Conclusion]In these agroforestry systems,walnut improved water condition,and reduced total water consumption comparing to sole woad/sickle senna system.The land equivalent ratio of the agroforestry system achieved to 1.9.Although the production of walnut fruit decreased a little,the total income increased by 1.2 times comparing to sole systems when adding the income of the medicine harvest.It is concluded that walnut-woad/sickle senna intercropping system is suitable at this area.