中晚唐五代“苦吟”与诗格的谶纬诗学意蕴

“Industrious Versification”in the Middle and Late Tang Dynasty and the Five Dynasties Observed from the Perspective of Divination Ideology

中晚唐五代苦吟派的诗歌崇拜和耽溺不仅基于诗教传统,还带有浓厚的谶纬诗学意蕴。一方面,汲取谶纬诗学的政治伦理意蕴建构起经天纬地的神学“诗道”观。诗是造化之精,诗人则是璀璨的“文星”,也是国运盛衰的象征,“诗谶”遂流行。另一方面,苦吟派还彰显了谶纬诗学的“自持其心”之义,以诗为立心之道,诗格因之以盛。就方法而言,则是在“比兴”传统之中融入谶纬诗学杂糅阴阳五行、天人感应说以天象、四时比附人事的解经方式。同时兼法《类书》的类目和体例,建构起一个封闭自足、包罗万象且有着特定对应关系的符号象征系统,诗之“秘旨”得以呈现,其弊则失之穿凿。

From the middle and late Tang Dynasty to the Five Dynasties,the school of industrial versification was addicted to poetry.This worship of poetry was rooted in Confucian poetic tradition,with divination ideology as the spiritual background.On the one hand,it draws on the political and ethical implications of the poetics of divination ideology to construct a theological view of poetry.Poetry is the essence of creation,and the poet,a symbol of the prosperity and decline of the country,is the“literary star”.The school of industrial versification attached importance to“self-sustaining one s heart”according to the poetics of divination ideology and“Shige”became prevalent.As far as the method is concerned,it integrates the tradition of“metaphor”(Bi Xing)with divination ideology.With the combination of the five elements of Yin and Yang and heaven-human induction,Astronomical phenomena and the change of four seasons can be used to explain human affairs.At the same time,by imitating the categories and styles of the“encyclopedia”,a self-contained and all-encompassing system of symbols with a specific correspondence can be constructed.Therefore,the“secret purpose”of poetry can be presented,while the interpretations appear to be strained.