紧急状态下的反垄断法实施——以新冠疫情期间企业合作行为审查为例

The Enforcement of Anti-monopoly Law in Emergency Situations:An Examin-ation of Enterprises Cooperative Measures During the COVID-19 Pandemic

新冠疫情的爆发使整个社会处于以疫情防控为中心的紧急状态。企业需要通过合作行为来对抗危机,反垄断法审查这类合作行为必须考虑到疫情防控的特殊需要。紧急状态下的反垄断法实施,在总体态度、审查标准和实施程序方面呈现出自身特色。为了给企业提供稳定预期,反垄断当局可以发布临时文件,告知人们反垄断法应对紧急状态的总体措施。企业合作行为如果服务于紧急状态下特别任务的完成,且没有超过必要限度,反垄断法应给予其豁免。为了帮助企业评估合作行为的竞争风险,执法当局可以给企业提供非正式的业务指导。紧急状态下的业务指导,应作为一种专用程序而设立,并注重企业申请的便利性和执法当局回应的快速性。

In the emergency situations of COVID-19 outbreak,temporary cooperative measures between enterprises become more common and important.The anti-monopoly law must be relatively tolerant in reviewing such measures.The enforcement of anti-monopoly law in emergency situations is different from that in normal times in general attitude,review standards and enforcement procedures.In order to provide stable expectation for enterprises,related temporary documents should be issued.If the enterprises cooperative measures are directly related to the emergency situations and do not go further or last longer than what can reasonably be considered necessary,the antimonopoly authorities should not take action against them.In order to help enterprises to assess the competing risks of their cooperative measures,the antimonopoly authorities can provide informal guidance to them.This guidance should set down as a special procedure,with emphasis on convenience in application by enterprises and swiftness in response by the authorities.