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基于活动的早高峰家庭通勤与拥挤收费模型 被引量:8

Household travels and congestion pricing in the morning commute problem based on activity approach
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摘要 在出行行为研究中,早高峰家庭出行行为一直以来都是一个研究热点.近几年,由于汽车的高拥有成本以及限购策略等,家庭成员共享一辆车出行的现象变得越来越普遍.典型的家庭通勤表现为通勤者必须先开车送孩子上学然后再去工作.在本文中,首先,从活动效用角度出发,对早高峰家庭通勤者出发时间决策问题进行分析.其次,考虑家庭出行负效用与家庭成员在家、学校和工作地点的活动效用,构建了家庭出行净效用函数.再次,利用家庭出行净效用函数建立了早高峰期间的家庭通勤均衡模型.最后,基于均衡模型,可以得到最优的动态收费策略,进而提出了一阶段最优拥挤收费策略.应用本文所提出的模型探讨了工作与学校期望到达时间间隔对系统总效用,收费水平以及收费时间段的影响,从而使交通管理者可以通过设置最佳的时间间隔来最大化系统总效用. In travel behavior research,household travel behavior in the morning peak hours has always been a research hotspot.Recently,due to the high cost of ownership of cars and purchase restriction policy,it has become more and more common for household members to share a car to travel in the morning.A typical household travel is that commuters have to drive their children to school first and then go to work.In this paper,firstly,the decision-making of departure time for household travels in morning peak hours is analyzed based on activity utility.Secondly,the disutility of household travel and the utility of household members’ activities at home,school and workplace are applied to construct a net utility function of household travel.Thirdly,a household commuting equilibrium model during the morning peak period was built by this net utility function of household travel.Finally,based on the equilibrium model,an optimal dynamic toll strategy can be obtained,and then a one-step optimal congestion toll model is proposed.Using the proposed model,the impact of the expected time interval between work and school on the total system utility,toll level and toll window is discussed.This model can help traffic manager maximize the total utility of the system by setting the optimal time interval.
作者 戴庆 林正奎 曲毅 张佳佳 DAI Qing;LIN Zhengkui;QU Yi;ZHANG Jiajia(School of Maritime Economics and Management,Dalian Maritime University,Dalian 116026,China)
出处 《系统工程理论与实践》 EI CSSCI CSCD 北大核心 2021年第6期1507-1520,共14页 Systems Engineering-Theory & Practice
基金 中国博士后科学基金(2019M651099)。
关键词 早高峰通勤 家庭出行 活动模型 一阶段收费 morning commute household travel activity model one step tolling
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